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Home >> Industrial and Microbial Biotechnology >>Bioprocess Engineering and Downstream Processing >> Expanded Bed Chromatography

Expanded Bed Chromatography. It involves adsorption of enzymes/ proteins to a particulate adsorbent, which makes a fluidized expanded bed, rather than being either packed in a column (which causes clogging), or used for batch adsorption in a stirred tank (which gives poor resolution and recovery). The fluidized bed has greater inter-particle distance permitting suspended impurities to pass through. However, in a fluidized bed, the adsorbed particles of all sizes move in all directions, creating unsuitable beds. If adsorbent particles of appropriate size distribution are used, well defined layers will be formed giving stability to the fluidized bed, which is described as expanded bed, Magnetically stabilized fluidized beds (MSFB) are also prepared. A variety of materials that are used for expanded bed adsorption (EBA) include silica, glass, perfluorocarbon, zirconium dioxide, cellulose, agarose, etc.


Specially designed columns for EBA are also available commercially (e.g. Streamline from Amersham Pharmacia, Sweden). A number of enzymes/ proteins that have been successfully purified by EBA include glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase, polyphenol oxidase, β-D galactoxidase, bovine serum albumin, endostatin, etc. It has been shown that if an affinity ligand is used with EBA, expanded bed affinity chromatography (EBAC) will be much more efficient than the simple EBA. Following are two examples, where such an affinity ligand is used with EBA.

Purification of α-amylases on alginate beads. The purification of α-amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Scytalidium thermophilum (a fungus) and from wheat germ has been successfully achieved using alginate beads in EBAC. It was also possible to separate two α-amylase isoenzymes,  when purified fungal enzyme was passed through concanavalin A-agarose column. The relative utility of these two isozymes in mushroom production has been advocated.

Purification of cellulase on chitosan beads. Cellulase are often found associated with β-glucosidase, and chitosan beads have been used to obtain cellulases (from Aspergills niger and A. fumigatus) that are free  of β- glucosidase. Cellulose beads (called CELBEADS) have also been used for the purification of cellulase, and many cellulose beads are known, although their use in expanded bed chromatography has not been evaluated. In future, cellulose beads will certainly be used for purification of cellulases and other fusion proteins having cellulose binding domain tag.

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