Nucleic Acids,Nucleus of Cells,Long Chain Polymer,Nitrogenous Base,Purine Pyrimidine,Cytosine, Uracil

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Nucleic Acids Sugar Phosphoric Acid H₃PO₄ Nitrogenous Bases Waston and Crick Model of DNA Structure of DNA Properties of DNA Functions of DNA Nucleotides Biological Significance of Nucleotides Nucleosides Types of DNA Palindromic DNA Repetitive DNA or Satellite DNA Replication of DNA Types of DNA Replication Semi Conservative Method Conservative Method Dispersive Method Ribonucleic Acid RNA Messenger RNA mRNA Structure of mRNA Transfer RNA tRNA or Soluble RNA Functions of tRNA Ribosomal RNA rRNA Functions of rRNA Transcription Processing the Primary Transcript Processing of Precursor of rRNAs Comparison of DNA and RNA Processing the Precursor of DNA

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Your Ad Here	Nucleic Acids Nucleic acid is a macromolecule with acid property and it was isolated from the nucleus of cells and hence it is named as nucleic acid. It is made up of C, H, O n and P. The nucleic acid was first isolated in 1868 by Miescher from the nuclei of pus cells on hospital bandages. He called it nuclein. Altmann (1889) gave the name nucleic acid. Nucleic acids are found in all organisms such as plants, animals, bacteria and viruses. They are found in the nucleus as well as in the cytoplasm.
Nucleic acid molecule is a long chain polymer. It is composed of monomeric units, called nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a nucleoside and a phosphategroup. Each nucleoside consists of a pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base. The sugar is ribose in the case of RNA and deoxyribose in the case of DNA. The nitrogenous bases are of two types, namely purine and pyrimidine. There are two main purine bases, adenine and guanine. Similarly there are three main pyrimidine bases. They are cytosine, thymine, and uracil. Cytosine and thymine are commonly found in DNA. Cytosine and uracil are found in RNA. Nucleosides: A base combined with a sugar molecule is called a nucleoside. In DNA, four different nucleosides are present. They are adenosine, guanosine, Cytidine and thymidine. In RNA deoxyribose sugar is replaced by ribose and the base thymine is replaced by Uracil. Nucleotides: A nucleotide is derived from a nucleoside by the addition of a molecule of phosphoric acid. The DNA contains four different types of nucleotides. They are adenylic acid, guanylic acid, cytidylic acid, and thymidylic acid. The RNA contains uridylic acid instead of thymidylic acid. Components of Nucleic Acids
Polynucleotide: A number of nucleotide units link with one another to form a polynucleotide chain or nucleic acid. Nucleic acids are broadly classified into two types based on the type of sugar present in them. They are 1. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 2. Ribonucleic acid The ribonucleic acid is further divided into three types, namely 1. messenger RNA (mRNA) 2. transfer RNA (tRNA) 3. ribosomal RNA (rRNA).	Your Ad Here
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the molecule of heredity. If functions as the genes. DNA is present in all cells except plant virus. In eukaryotic cells, DNA is present in the chromosomes of nucleus. In addition, the mitochondria and plastids also contain DNA. In eukaryotic nucleus, the DNA is in the form of a double helix. In bacteria, mitochondria and plastids the DNA molecules are circular. In viruses and bacteriophages, they are coiled. The number of DNA molecules in eukaryotic cells corresponds to the number of chromosomes er cell. DNA is made up of three chemical components, namely 1. Sugar 2. Phosphoric acid and 3. Nitrogenous bases.

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Reverse Transcription Central Dogma DNA Finger Printing Applications of DNA Finger Printing Nuclease Exonucleases Endonucleases Restriction Endonucleases Hybridization Synthesis of DNA DNA Synthesis in Circular DNA DNA Synthesis in Linear DNA DNA Synthesis in Mutation Spontaneous Mutation Induced Mutation Point Mutation Missense Mutation Temperature Sensitive Mutation Non Sense Mutation Silent Mutation Leaky Mutation Transition Transversion Base Analogue Mutation Frameshift Mutation Back Mutation Hot Spot Promoter Sequences Constancy of DNA Base Pairs Gene and Protein Relationship

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