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  Home >> Genetics Dictionary >> Splice site Stromatoporoid

Spindle fibres
A collection of microtubules responsible for the movement of eukaryotic chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis.

Splice site
Location in the DNA sequence where RNA removes the noncoding areas to form a continuous gene transcript for translation into a protein.

Spliceosome
A nuclear complex of RNA and protein that acts to remove introns from pre RNA molecules.
2. The organelle in which the excision and splicing reactions that remove introns form premessenger RNAs occur.

Start codon

A group of three adjacent ribonucleotides (AUG) in an mRNA that initiated polypeptide formation.

Stepped cline
A cline with a sudden change in gene or character frequency.

Sponge
A member of the phylum Porifera, marine and freshwater invertebrates that live permanently attached to rocks or other surfaces. The body of a sponge is hollow and consists basically of an aggregation of cells between which there is little nervous coordination, although they do have specialized set of cells that perform different functions. One set of cells causes water to flow in through openings in the body wall and out through openings at the top; food particles are filtered from the water by these cells. Other cells construct a stiffening skeletal framework of spicules of chalk, silica, or fibrous protein to support the body.

Spontaneous mutation

A mutation that does not arise as a result of the action of a mutagenic agent.

Spontaneous reversion
The naturally occurring reverse of a mutation

Stabilizing selection
A form of selection that tends to keep the form of a population constant. Individuals with the mean value for a character have high fitness; those with extreme values have low fitness.
2. The removal of those alleles that produce deviations from the average population phenotype by selection against all deviant individuals.

Sporadic cancer
Cancer that occurs randomly and is not inherited from parents. Caused by DNA changes in one cell that grows and divides, spreading throughout the body.

SRY
The sex determining region of Y a gene on the Y chromosome that is believed to direct the differentiation of male gonads in mammals.

Stem cell
Undifferentiated, primitive cells in the bone marrow that have the ability both to multiply and to differentiate into specific blood cells.

Strain
A group of individuals with common ancestry who share characteristics of interest for genetic study.

Stromatoporoid
Stromatoporoids, once thought to be related to the corals, are now recongnized as being calcareous sponges. Sponges similar to fossil stromatoporoids are found in the oceans today. Like modern sponges, stromatoporoid created currents to pump water in and out of their body, where they filtered out tiny food particles. Fossil stromatoporoids can be massive, chocolate drop in shape, tabular, encrusting, cylindrical, or even arm-shaped (“ramose”). There are two main groups of fossil stromatoporoids that lived in different areas, the Paleozoic and the Mesozoic. After their appearance in the Ordovician, the Paleozoic stromatoporoids were dominant reef builders for over 100 million years. The second group of stromatoporoids, from the Mesozoic, may represent a distinct group with a similar growth form. They were also important contributors to reef formation, especially during the Cretaceous.

 

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