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  Home >> Genetics Dictionary >> Cloning Vector - Cognitive

Cloning Vector
DNA molecule originating from a virus, a plasmid, or the cell of a higher organism into which another DNA fragment of appropriate size can be integrated without loss of the vector's capacity for self-replication; vectors introduce foreign DNA into host cells, where the DNA can be reproduced in large quantities.
Examples are plasmids, cosmids, and yeast artificial chromosomes; vectors are often recombinant molecules containing DNA sequences from several sources.

Club Foot
A congenitally deformed foot which is twisted out of shape or position.

Coadaptation
Beneficial interaction between (1) a number of genes at different loci within an organism, (2) different parts of an organism, or (3) organisms belonging to different species.

Code
See: genetic code.

Coding strand
The strand of duplex DNA that has the same nucleotide sequence as mRNA except that T substitutes in DNA for U in RNA.

Codominance
Situation in which two different alleles for a genetic trait are both expressed.
2. A condition in which the phenotypic effects of two alleles are equally an fully expressed in a heterozygote.

Codominant
Designating genes when both alleles of a pair are fully expressed in the heterozygote.

Codon
A triplet of three bases in a DNA or RNA molecule specifying a single amino acid
2. A triplet of nucleotides in a DNA or mRNA molecule that encodes the information for a specific amino acid.
3. A triplet of bases (or nucleotides) in the DNA coding for one amino acid. The relation between codons and amino acids is given by the genetic code. The triplet of bases that is complementary to a condon is called an anticodon; conventionally, the triplet in the mRNA is called the codon and the triplet in the tRNA is called the anticodon.

4. The nucleotide triplet in messenger RNA that specifies the amino acid to be inserted in a specific position in the forming polypeptide during translation.

Coefficient of coincidence
 An experimental value equal to the observed number of double crossovers divided by the expected number.

Coelacanth
Although long thought to have gone extinct about 65 million years ago, one of these deep-water, lungless fish was caught in the 1930s. Others have since been caught and filmed in their natural habitat.

Coevolution
Evolution in two or more species, such as predator and its prey or a parasite and its host, in which evolutionary changes in one species influence the evolution of the other species.

Cognitive
Relating to cognition, the mental processes involved in the gathering, organization, and use of knowledge, including such aspects as awareness, perception, reasoning, and judgement. The term refers to any mental "behaviors" where the underlying characteristics are abstract in nature and involve insight expectancy, complex rule use, imagery, use of symbols, belief intentionality, problem-solving, and so forth.

 

 

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