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  Home >> Genetics Dictionary >> Caat box - Carcinogenesis

CAAT Box
A conserved nucleotide sequence of eukaryotic promoters, involved in the initiation
of transcription.
2. Part of a DNA sequence possibly involved in binding RNA polymerase.

Cafe Au Lait Spot
A flat, milky-brown, pigmented spot found on the skin.

Carboxyl terminus (C terminus)

The end of a polypeptide containing, a free carboxyl group; the end of the polypeptide where protein synthesis terminated.

Carcinogen
Something which causes cancer to occur by causing changes  in a cell's DNA.

cAMP-CAP complex
Composed of cyclic AMP and catabolite activator protein, this complex binds to a part of the promoter and enhances the affinity of RNA polymerase for the promoter.

cAMP (cyclic AMP)

An important regulatory molecule in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.

Canavan's Disease
An autosomal recessive disorder in which there is progressive deterioration of the central nervous system (brain).

Cancer
Diseases in which abnormal cells divide and grow unchecked. Cancer can spread from its original site to other parts of the body and can be fatal.
2. A condition that involves the uncontrolled and abnormal division of eukaryotic cells. An informal term for a diverse class of diseases marked by uncontrolled cellular growth.

Candidate gene
A gene located in a chromosome region suspected of being involved in a disease.

Capillary array
Gel-filled silica capillaries used to separate fragments for DNA sequencing. The small diameter of the capillaries permit the application of higher electric fields,  providing high speed, high throughput separations that are significantly faster than traditional slab gels.

Carbon isotope ratio
A measure of the proportion of the carbon-14 isotope to the carbon-12 isotope. Living material contains carbon-12 in the same proportions as exists in the atmosphere. When an organism dies, however, it no longer takes up carbon  from the atmosphere, and the carbon-14 it contains decays to nitrogen-14 at a constant rate.

By measuring the carbon-14-to carbon-12 ratio in a fossil or organic artifact, its age can be determined, a method called radiocarbon dating.
Because most carbon-14 will have decayed after 50,000 years, the carbon isotope ratio is mainly useful for dating fossils and artifacts younger than this. It cannot be used to determine the age of Earth, for example.

Carcinogenesis
The production of cancerous growths.

 

 

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