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Home >> Genetics Dictionary >> Bipedalism - Brodie edmund diii
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Bipedalism
Of hominids, walking upright on two hind legs; more generally, using two legs for locomotion.
Birth defect
Any harmful trait, physical or biochemical, present at birth, whether a result of a genetic mutation of a genetic mutation or some other nongenetic factor.
2. Anomalous or atypical development of some aspect of the body present at birth.
BRCA1/BRCA2
The two genes most commonly associated with hereditary breast and / or ovarian cancer.
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2. Two genes that are important in breast cancer. Certain changes in either BRCA1 or BRCA2 result in an increased risk of developing breast, ovarian, or certain other cancers. BRCA1 was identified in 1994, and BRCA2 was discovered in 1996.
Burney, David
A biologist whose research has focused on endangered, species, paleoenvironmental studies, and causes of extinction in North America, Africa, Madagascar, Hawaii, and the West Indies.
Bivalent
A pair of synapsed homologous chromosomes in prophase of meiosis I. Also called a tetrad.
Bivalve
A mollusk that has a two-part hinged shell. Bivalves include clams, oysters, scallops, mussels, and other shellfish.
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Blackmore, Susan
A psychologist interested in memes and the theory of memetics, evolutionary theory, consciousness, the effects of meditation, and why people believe in the paranormal. A recent book, The Meme Machine, offers an introduction to the subject of memes.
BLAST
A computer program that identifies homologous (similar) genes in different organisms, such as human, fruit fly, or nematode.
Blastomere
Anyone of the cells formed by the first few cleavages of an animal embryo.
Blastula
An early animal embryo formed by the first few cleavages after fertilization. Often a thin sheet or hollow ball of cells.
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Bruner, Jerome
A psychologist and professor at Harvard and Oxford Universities, and a prolific author whose book, The Process of Education, encouraged curriculum innovation based on theories of cognitive development.
Bryozoan
A tiny marine invertebrate that forms a crust-like colony; colonies of bryozoans may look like scaly sheets on seaweed.
Blending inheritance
The historically influential but factually erroneous theory that organisms contain a blend of their parents’ hereditary factors and pass that blend on to their offspring. Compare with Mendelian inheritance.
Brachiopod
Commonly known as “lamp shells, “these marine invertebrates resemble bivalve mollusks because of their hinged shells. Brachiopods were at their greatest abundance during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras.
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Brodie, Edmund D., Jr.
A biologist recognized internationally for his work on the evolution of mechanisms in amphibians that allow them to avoid predators. These mechanisms include toxins carried in skin secretions, coloration, and behavior.
Botanist
A scientist who studies plants.
Bottleneck
A large population passes through a contracted stage and then expands again with an altered gene pool as a consequence of genetic drift; causes fluctuations in gene frequencies.
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BrdU (5-bromodeoxyuridine)
A mutagenic analogue of thymidine in which the 5’ methyl group is replaced by bromine.
Brodie, Edmund D., III
A biologist who studies the causes and evolutionary implications of interactions among traits in predators and their prey. Much of his work concentrates on the coevolutionary arms race between newts that posess tetrodotoxin, one of the most potent known toxins, and the resistant garter snakes who prey on them.
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