Dictionary,Defintion,Meaning,What is Acentric Fragment, Additive Genetic Variance, Acquired Genetic Mulation, Acquired Trait

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Home >> Genetics Dictionary >> Acentric Fragment - Additive Genetic variance

	Acentric fragment A portion of a chromatid or chromosome that lacks a centromere. Acquired genetic mutation See: somatic cell genetic mutation. Acquired trait A phenotypic characteristic, acquired during growth and development, that is not genetically based and therefore cannot be passed on to the next generation (for example, the large muscles of a weightlifter).
Acrocentric chromosome A chromosome whose centromere is located very close to one end. Active site The region of a protein (usually an enzyme) whose structural integrity is required for proper function of the protein (for example, the substrate-binding site of an enzyme). Adaptation Any heritable characteristic of an organism that improves its ability to survive and reproduce in its environment. Also used to describe the process of genetic change within a population, as influenced by natural selection.
Adaptive radiation The diversification, over evolutionary time, of a species or group of species into several different species or subspecies that are typically adapted to different ecological niches (for example, Darwin's finches). The term can also be applied to larger groups of organisms, as in "the adaptive radiation of mammals:” Adaptive strategies A mode of coping with competition or environmental conditions on an evolutionary time scale. Species adapt when succeeding generations emphasize beneficial characteristics.
Adaptive landscape A graph of the average fitness of a population in relation to the frequencies of genotypes in it. Peaks on the landscape correspond to genotypic frequencies at which the average fitness is high, valleys to genotypic frequencies at which the average fitness is low. Also called a fitness surface. Additive genetic effects When the combined effects of alleles at different loci are equal to the sum of their individual effects. See also: anticipation, complex trait. Additive genetic variance Genetic variance atributed to the average effects of substituting one allele for another at a given locus, or at the multiple loci governing a polygenic trait
	Adaptive logic A behavior has adaptive logic if it tends to increase the number of offspring that an individual contributes to the next and following generations. If such a behavior is even partly genetically determined, it will tend to become widespread in the population. Then, even if circumstances change such that it no longer provides any survival or reproductive advantage, the behavior will still tend to be exhibited -- unless it becomes positively disadvantageous in the new environment

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