(f) must have passed the first-year examination under the five-year Engineering Degree Course of a University. Provided that before Joining the Degree Course, he passed the Higher Secondary Examination or Pre-University .or equivalent examination in the first or second division. Candidates who have passed the first-year Examination of the five-year Engineering Degree Course in the first or second division may also apply provided the first year Examination is conducted by a University; or

(g) must have passed in the first or second division the Pre­-Degree Examination of the Universities at Kerala and Calicut with Mathematics, and at least one of the subjects, Physics and Chemistry, as subjects of the examination.

5. Plan of the Examination: The examination comprises:
(i) Written Examination carrying a maximum .of 600 marks in the subjects as set out in para 6; and
(ii) Personality Test comprising interview carrying a maximum .of 200 marks in respect of only these candidates who are declared qualified an the results of written examination.

6. Examination Subjects: The following are the subjects for the written examination:

N.B.: (i) The Question Papers will consist of OBJECTIVE TYPE Questions only.
(ii) Question Papers will be approximately of Intermediate or 10+2 Standard.

7. Syllabus
Paper-I
(i) English: The questions will be designed to test the candidate's understanding and command of the language.
(ii) General Knowledge: The questions will be designed to test a candidate's general awareness of the environment around him and its application to society. The standard of answers to questions should be as expected of students of Standard 12 or equivalent.

Man and His Environment: Evolution of life, plants and animals, heredity and environment-Genetics, cells, chromosomes, genes. Knowledge of the human body-nutrition, balanced diet, substitute foods, public health and sanitation, including control of epidemics and common diseases. Environmental pollution and its control. Food adulteration, proper storage and preservation of food grains and finished products, population explosion, population control. Production of food and raw materials. Breeding of animals and plants; artificial insemination, manures and fertilizers, crop protection measures, high-yielding varieties and green revolution, main cereals and cash crops of India.

Solar system and the earth. Seasons, Climate, Weather, Soil ­its formation, erosion. Forests and their uses. Natural calamities ­cyclones floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions. Mountains and rivers and their role in irrigation in India. Distribution of natural resources and industries in India. Exploration of under-ground minerals including Oil, Conservation of natural resources with particular reference to the flora and fauna of India.

History, Politics and Society in India: Vedic, Mahavir, Buddha, Maurya, Sunga, Andhra, Kushan. Gupta ages (Mauryan Pillars, Stupas, Caves, Sanchi, Mathura and Gandhara Schools Temple Architecture (Ajanta and Ellora). The rise of new social forces with the coming of Islam, and establishment of broader contacts. Transition from  Feudalism to Capitalism. Opening of European contacts. Establishment of British Rule in India. Rise of nationalism and national struggle for freedom culminating in Independence.

Constitution of India and its characteristic features-Democracy, Secularism, Socialism equality of opportunity and Parliamentary form of Government-Major political ideologies-Democracy, Socialism, Communism and Gandhian idea of non-violence. Indian political parties, pressure groups, public opinion and the press, electoral system.

India's Foreign Policy and Non-Alignment-arms race, balance of power. World Organisations-political, social, economic and cultural. Important events (including sports and cultural activities) in India and abroad during the past two years.

Broad features of Indian social system; the caste system hierarchy-recent changes and trends. Minority social institutions ­marriage, family, region and acculturation. Division of labour, cooperation, conflict and competition. Social control-reward and punishment, art) law, customs, propaganda, public opinion, agencies Of social control- family, religion, state educational institutions; factors of social change-economic, technological, demographic, cultural; the concept of revolution.

Social dis-organisation in India-Casteism, communalism, corruption in public life, youth unrest, beggary, drugs, delinquency and crime, poverty and unemployment. Social planning and welfare in India, community development and labour welfare, welfare of Scheduled Castes and backward classes.

Money-taxation, price, demographic trends, national income, economic growth; Private and Public Sectors; economic and non-­economic factors in planning, balanced vs, imbalanced growth, agricultural vs. industrial development; inflation and price stabilisation, problems of resource mobilisation, India's Five-Year Plans.
(iii) Psychological Test: The questions will be designed to assess the basic intelligence and mechanical aptitude of the candidate.

 Paper-II
(i) PHYSICS: Length measurements using vernier, screw gauge, spherometer and optical lever. Measurement of time and mass.
Straight line motion and relationships among displacement,
velocity and acceleration.

Newton's laws of motion, Momentum, impulse, work, energy and power.
Coefficient of friction.
Equilibrium of bodies under action of forces. Moment of a force, couple. Newton's law of gravitation, Escape velocity, Acceleration due to gravity.

Mass and Weight, Centre of gravity, Uniform circular motion,
centripetal force, Simple Harmonic Motion, Simple pendulum.
Pressure in a fluid and its variation with depth. Pascal's law. Principle of Archimedes. Floating bodies. Atmospheric pressure and its measurement.

Temperature and its measurement. Thermal expansion, Gas laws and absolute temperature. Specific heat, latent heats and their measurement. Specific heat of gases, Mechanical equivalent of heat. Internal energy and First law of thermodynamics. Iso­thermal and adiabatic changes. Transmission of heat; thermal conductivity.

Wave motion, Longitudinal and transverse waves. Progressive and stationary waves. Velocity of sound in a gas and its dependence on various factors. Resonance phenomena (air columns and strings). Reflection and refraction of light. Image formation by carved mirrors and lenses. Microscopes and telescopes. Defects of vision.
Prisms, deviation and dispersion. Minimum deviation. Visible spectrum.

Field due to a bar magnet, Magnetic moment, Elements of Earth's magnetic field. Magnetometers. Dia, para and ferro­ magnetism.

Electric charge, electric field and potential, Coulomb's law.
Electric current; electric cells, e.m.f. resistance, ammeters and voltmeters. Ohm's law; resistances in series and parallel, specific resistance and conductivity. Heating effect of current.

Wheatstone's bridge, Potentiometer. Magnetic effect of current, straight wire, coil and solenoid electromagnetic, electric Bell. Force on a current-carrying conductor in magnetic field; moving ceil galvanometers; conversion to ammeter or voltmeter.

Chemical effects of current; Primary and storage cells and their functioning. Laws of electrolysis.
Electromagnetic induction. Simple A.C. and D.C. generators.
Transformers. Induction coil.

Cathode rays, discovery of the electron, Bohr model of the atom. Diode and its use as a rectifier.
Production, properties and uses of X-rays. Radioactivity; Alpha, Beta and Gamma rays.
Nuclear energy; fission and fusion, conversion of mass into energy, chain reaction.

(ii) CHEMISTRY
Physical Chemistry
(1) Atomic Structure: Earlier models in brief. Atom as a three­ dimensional model. Orbital concept. Quantum numbers and their significance, only elementary treatment. Pauli's Exclusion Principle. Electronic configuration. Aufbau Principle 5, p, d and f block elements. Periodic classification only long form. Periodicity and electronic configuration. Atomic radii, Electro-negativity in periods and groups.

(2) Chemical Bonding, electrovalent, covalent, coordinates covalent bonds. Bond properties, sigma and pie bonds. Shapes of simple molecules like water, hydrogen sulphide, methane and ammonium chloride. Molecular association and hydrogen bonding.

(3) Energy changes in a chemical reaction. Exothermic and Endothermic reactions. Application of First Law of Thermodynamics. Hess' Law of constant heat summation.

(4) Chemical equilibria and rates of reactions. Law of mass action. Effect of Pressure, Temperature and concentration on the rates of reaction. (Qualitative treatment based on Le Chatelier's Principle.) Molecularity. First and Second order reaction. Concept of energy of activation. Application to manufacture of Ammonia and Sulphur trioxide.

(5) Solutions: True solutions, colloidal solutions. and suspensions. Colligative properties or dilute solutions and determination of molecular weights of dissolved substances. Elevation of boiling points. Depressions of freezing point, osmotic pressure. Raoult's Law (non-thermodynamic treatment only).

(6) Electro Chemistry: Solution of Electrolytes. Faraday's Laws of Electrolysis, ionic equilibria. Solubility product.
Strong and weak electrolytes. Acids and Bases (Lewis and Bronstead concept). PH and Buffer solutions.

(7) Oxidation: Reduction Modern electronics concept and oxidation number.

(8) Natural and Artificial Radioactivity : Nuclear Fission and Fusion. Uses of Radioactive isotopes. Inorganic Chemistry

Brief treatment of elements and their industrially important compounds:
(1) Hydrogen: Position in the periodic table. Isotopes of hydrogen. Electronegative and electropositive character. Water, hard and soft water, use of water in industries. Heavy water and its uses.

(2) Group I Elements: Manufacture of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride.

(3) Group II Elements: Quick and slaked lime. Gypsum. Plaster of Paris, Magnesium sulphate and Magnesia.

(4) Group III Elements: Borax, Alumina and Alum.

(5) Group N Elements: (Coal, Coke and Solid Fuels, Silicates, Zolitis semi-conductors). Glass (Elementary treatment).

(6) Group V Elements: Manufacture of ammonia and nitric acid. Rock phosphates and safety matches.

(7) Group VI Elements: Hydrogen peroxide, allotropy of sulphur, sulphuric acid. Oxides of sulphur.

(8) Group VII Elements: . Manufacture and uses of Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine. Hydrochloric acid. Bleaching powder.

(9) Group O : (Noble gases) Helium and its uses.

(10) Metallurgical Processes: General methods of extraction of metals with specific reference to copper, iron, aluminium, silver, gold, zinc and lead. Common alloys of these metals: Nickel and Manganese steels.

Organic Chemistry
(1) Tetrahedral nature of carbon. Hybridisation and sigma pie bonds and their relative strength. Single and multiple bonds. Shapes of molecules. Geometrical and optical isomerism.

(2) General methods of preparation, properties and reaction of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. Petroleum and its refining. Its uses as fuel.
Aromatic hydrocarbons: Resonance and aromaticity. Benzene and Naphthalene and their analogous. Aromatic substitution reactions
.
(3) Halogen derivatives: Chloroform, Carbon Tetrachloride, Chlorobenzene, D.D.T. and Gammexane.

(4) Hydroxy Compounds: Preparation, properties and uses of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary alcohols, Methanol, Ethanol, Glycerol and Phenol. Substitution reaction at aliphatic carbon atom.

(5) Ethers; Diethyl ether.

(6) Aldehydes and ketones: Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde,
Benzaldehyde, acetone, acetophenone.

(7) Nitro compounds amines: Nitrobenzene TNT, Aniline Diazonium Compounds, Azodyes
.
(8) Carboxylic acid: Formic, acetic, benzoic and salicylic acids, acetyl salicylic acid.

(9) Esters: Ethylacetate, Methyl salicylates, ethyl benzoate.

(10) Polymers: Polythene, Teflon, Perpex, Artificial Rubber, Nylon and Polyester fibres.

(11) Non-structural treatment of Carbohydrates, fats and Lipids, amino acids and proteins-Vitamins and hormones.

Paper-III
MATHEMATICS
(1) Algebra: Concept of a set, Union. and Intersection of sets, Complement of a set, Null set, Universal set and Power set, Venn diagrams and simple applications. Cartesian product of two sets, relation and mapping-examples, Binary operation on a set-examples.

Representation of real numbers on a line. Complex numbers; Modulus, Argument, Algebraic operations on complex numbers. Cube roots of unity. Binary system of numbers, Conversion of a decimal number to a binary number and vice-versa. Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic progressions. Summation of series involving AP., G.P., and H.P. Quadratic equations with real co­efficients. Quadratic expressions: extreme values. Permutation and Combination, Binomial Theorem and its applications.

Matrices and Determinants: Types of matrices, equality, matrix addition and scalar multiplication-properties. Matrix multiplication-non-commutative and distributive property over addition. Transpose of a matrix, Determinant of a matrix. Minors and Cofactors. Properties of determinants. Singular and non­singular matrices. Adjoint and inverse of square matrix, Solution of a system of linear equations in two and three variables ­Elimination method, Cramers rule and matrix inversion method (Matrices with m rows and n columns where m, n :s; 3 are to be considered). Idea of Group, Order of a Group, Abelian group. Identity and inverse elements-Illustration by simple examples.

(2) Trigonometry: Addition and subtraction formulae, multiple and sub-multiple angles. Product and factoring formulae. Inverse trigonometric functions-Domains, Ranges and Graphs. DeMolvre's theorem, expansion of Sin nθ and Cos nθ in a series of multiples of Sines and Cosines. Solution of simple trigonometric equations. Applications: Height and Distance.

(3) Analytic Geometry (two dimensions): Rectangular Cartesian Coordinate system, distance between two points, equation of a straight line in various forms, angle between two lines, distance of a point from a line. Transformation of axes. Pair of straight lines, general equation of second degree in x and y -condition to represent a pair of straight lines, point of intersection, angle between two lines. Equation of a circle in standard and in general form, equations of tangent and normal at a point, orthogonality of two circles. Standard equations of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola-parametric equations, equations of tangent. and normal at a point in both cartesian and parametric forms.

(4) Differential Calculus: Concept of a real valued function­ domain, range and graph. Composite functions, one to one, onto and inverse functions, algebra of real functions, examples of polynomial, rational, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. Notion of limit, Standard limits-examples. Continuity of functions-examples, algebric operations on continuous functions. Derivative of a function at a point, geometrical and physical interpretation of a derivative-applications. Derivative of sum, product and quotient of functions, derivative of a function with respect to another function, derivative of a composite function, chain rule. Second order derivatives. Rolle's theorem (statement only), increasing and decreasing functions. Application of derivatives in problems of maxima, minima, greatest and least values of a function.

(5) Integral Calculus and Differential equations: Integral Calculus: Integration as inverse of differential, integration by substitution and by parts, standard integrals involving algebraic expression, trignometric, exponential and hyperbolic functions. Evaluation of definite integrals-determination of areas of plane regions bounded by curves-applications.

Differential equations: Definition of order and degree of a differential equation, formation of a differential equation by examples. General and particular solution of a differential equation, solution of first order and first degree differential equations of various types-examples. Solution of second order homogeneous differential equation with constant co-efficient.

(6) Vectors and its applications: Magnitude and direction of a vector, equal vectors, unit vector, zero vector, vectors in two and three dimensions, position vector. Multiplication of a vector by a scalar, sum and difference of two vectors, Parallelogram law and triangle law of addition. Multiplication of vectors - scalar product or dot product of two vectors, perpendicularity, commutative and distributive properties. Vector product or cross product of two vectors and its properties, unit vector perpendicular to two given vectors. Scalar and vector triple products. Equations of a line, plane and sphere in vector form-simple problem. Area of a triangle, parallelogram and problems of plane geometry and trignometry using vector methods. Work done by a force and moment of a force.

(7) Statistics and Probability-Statistics: Frequency distribution, cummulative frequency distribution-examples. Graphical representation-Histogram, frequency polygon-examples. Measure of central tendency-mean, median & mode. Variance and standard deviation-determination and comparison. Correlation and regression.

Probability: Random experiment, outcomes and associated sample space, events, mutually exclusive and exhaustive events, impossible and certain events. Union and Intersection of events. Complementary, elementary and composite events. Definition of probability: classical and statistical-examples. Elementary theorems on probability-simple problems. Conditional probability, Bayes' theorem - simple problems. Random variable as function on a sample space. Binomial distribution, examples of random experiments giving rise to Binomial distribution.

7. Personality Test: Each candidate will be interviewed by a Board which will have before them a record of his career, both academic and extramural. They will be asked questions on matters of general interest. Special attention will be paid to assessing their potential qualities of leadership, initiative and intellectual curiosity, tact and other social qualities, mental and physical energy, power and practical application and integrity of character.

8. Previous up-to-date Papers have been solved in Career's Guide to Special Class Railway Apprentices' (S. C.RA) Exam., obtainable from Bright Careers Institute, 1525, Nai Sarak, Delhi-110006.

9. Initial Pay: About Rs. 10,000 in the scale of Rs. 8000-275­13500.