Dictionary, Defintion, Meaning, What is Fullers Earth, Fusible Alloys, Frontier Orbital Symmetry, D-fructose, Fuel Oils, Fuels, Fugacity, Fumaric Acid, Fungicides

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Your Ad Here	Frontier orbital symmetry. The theory that site and rate of reaction depend on geometries and relative energies of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of one reactant and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the other. D-fructose. C₆H₁₂O₆. Crystallizes in large needles; m.p. 102-104ºC. The most common ketose sugar. Combined with glucose it occurs as sucrose and raffinose; mixed with glucose it is present in fruit juices, honey and other products; inulln and levan are built of fructose residues only. In natural products it is always in the furanose form, but it crystallizes in the pyranose form. It is very soluble in water is twice as sweet as glucose and in many respects behaves as does glucose.
Fuel oils. A general term applied to petroleum oil used for the production of power or heat. Fuel oils are normally divided into two categories: category I for engine fuels and category 2 for burner fuels. Motor and aviation gasolines are normally classified separately. Fuels. Materials used for producing energy, particularly heat. They include fuel oils, coal, natural gas, synthetic gases, rocket fuels (propellants), uranium and plutonium (nuclear fuels).
Fugacity. A thermodynamic quantity, symbol f. used to correct the non-ideal behaviour of a gas or vapour above a liquid. It is a measure of the tendency of a liquid or substance in solution to escape as a vapour. Fuller’s earth. Formerly and detergent clay for fulling cloth; later one used mainly for its adsorptive properties in decolourizing oils, fats and waxes, e.g. for lubricants, soaps and margarine.	Your Ad Here
Fumaric acid, trans-butenedioic acid, C₄H₄O₄. Crystallizes in colourless needles or prisms; m.p. 300-302ºC in sealed tubes; sublimes above HOOOC.CH ║ HC.COOH 200ºC in open vessels. It can be manufactured by the isomerization of maleic acid by heating in the presence of catalysts, or made from carbohydrate sources by the action of Rhizopus nigricans or other moulds. When heated to 230ºC it is converted to maleic anhydride; heated in sealed vessels with water at 150-170ºC, it forms (±) malic acid. Used as a food acid.<
Your Ad Here	Fungicides. Chemicals that inhibit fungal attach, e.g. in agriculture, on wood, plastics, etc. Important fungicides include sulphur, polysulphides and sulphur-containing chemicals (e.g. dithiocarbonates), heavy metal (cu, Sn, Hg, Ni) compounds. Furan, furfuran. A colourless liquid compound C₄H₄O. r.d. 0.94 m.p. 86ºC b.p. 31.4ºC. It has a five membered ring consisting of four CH₂ groups and one Oxygen atom.

Furfural.
Furfuraldehyde, 2-furaldehyde,C₅H₄O₂. Colourless liquid with a peculiar odour; darkens on exposure to light and air; b.p. 162ºC. It occurs in many essential oils and in fusel oil. Manufactured by heating corncobs, oat hulls or other pentose-containing material with steam under pressure at 180ºC and fractionally distilling the liquor. Undergoes the Cannizzaro reaction with alkalis to give furoic acid and furfuryl alcohol. Reacts with ammonia to give furfuramide. Oxidized by sodium chlorate (V) in the presence of V₂O₅ to give Fumaric acid. Forms resins with phenol, aniline and propanone. Used as a solvent for decolurizing rosin and in the solvent extraction of mineral oils.

Furfuraldehyde.
See furfural.

Furfuryl alcohol.
C₅H₆O₂. Colourless liquid; b.p. 170-171ºC. Prepared by the reduction of furfural or with furoic acid by the action of 30% NaOH solution on furfural in the cold. Forms resins with mineral acids. It is poisonous.

Fusel oil.
A mixture of butanol and iso-amyl alcohol together with other organic substances; a liquid of unpleasant smell and taste. It is a by-product of the distillation of alcohol produced by fermentation.

Fusible alloys.
Alloys that melt at low temperature (around 100ºC) Fusible alloys are usually entectic mixture of Bismuth, lead, tin and Cadmium. Wood’s metal and Lipouitz’s alloy are examples of alloys that melt at about 70ºC.

Fusion mixture.
A mixture of anhydrous sodium and potassium carbonates, Na₂CO₃ and K₂CO₃.

Fusion.
Melting.

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