Dictionary, Defintion, Meaning, What is Crum Browns Rule, Crystal System, Crotonyl, Crotyl, Crucible, Crude Oil, Crushing and Grinding, Cryoscopic Constant

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Home >> Chemistry Dictionary >> Crum Browns Rule Crystal System

Your Ad Here	Crotonyl. The trivial name given to the 2-butenoyl group, -COCH: CHCH₃. Crotyl. The trivial name given to the 2-butenyl group, -CH₂CH: CHCH₃. Crucible. Refers to a dish or other vessel in which substances can be heated to a high temperature. Crude oil. A naturally occurring mixture consisting largely of hydrocarbons along with sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen derivatives, Crude oil is normally removed from reservoir rock in liquid form but is often associated with quantities of gas, water or solids. The properties of crude oils vary widely from light-coloured, mobile fluids to dark, viscous materials.
Crum Brown’s-rule. A guide to substitution in benzene derivatives. This rule states that a substance C₆H₅A yields the meta disubstituted product if the compound HA can be oxidized directly to HOA; otherwise a mixture of the o-and p-compounds will be obtained. Not universally applicable. Crushing and grinding. Operations relating to particle size reduction. The term crushing is used where compressive forces are mainly employed, while grinding refers more to reduction by attrition and shearing actions. Cryohydrate. Refers to a eutectic mixture of ice and some other substance which is obtained by freezing a solution.
Cryoscopic constant. Another name for freezing point constant. Crystal. A solid with a regular polyhedral shape. All crystals of the same substance grow so that they have the same angles between their faces. However, they may not have the same external appearance because different form of the crystal is referred to as the crystal habit. The atoms, ions, or molecules forming the crystal have a regular arrangement and this is the crystal structure. Crystal drawing. Crystal are drawn in a conventional projection and in a conventional position. For the cubic system the x axis does not point to the eye of the observer, but is rotated clockwise through an angle of 18º26’, the tangent of which is 1/3; the y axis is not drawn at right angles to the vertical c axis because the eye is elevated at an angle of 9º28’, the tangent of which 1/6. The axes are therefore drawn as shown.	Your Ad Here
Crystal field theory. An approach to transition metal compounds which explains the u.v. and visible spectra (electronic) and magnetic properties in terms of a central ion surrounded by electron-rich ligands which split the d orbitals into a pattern determined by the geometry of the co-ordination, the distance of approach of the ligands and the tendency to covalent bonding.
Your Ad Here	Crystalline state. The form of the solid state with an ordered arrangement of atoms, etc. in the solid. The pattern is characteristic of the solid and generally gives rise to characteristic bounding faces of the crystal. Crystallite. A small crystal, e.g. one of the small crystals forming part of a microcrystalline substance. Crystal system. A method of classifying crystalline substance on the basis of their unit cell. There are seven crystal systems. If the cell is a parallelopiped with sides a, b, and c and if a is the angle between b and c, b the between a and c, and g the angle between a and b, the systems are: (1) cubic a = b = c and α = β = γ = 90º NaCl, diamond

(2) tetragonal a = b = c and α = β = γ = 90º White tin, K₄[Fe(CN)₆]
(3) rhombic (or orthorhombic) a = b = c and α = β = γ = 90º Rhombic Sulphur, KNO₃
(4) hexagonal a = b = c and α = β = γ = 90º CuSO₄. 5H₂O, K₂Cr₂O₇
(5) trigonal a = b = c and α = β = γ = 90º Monoclinic Sulphur, FeSO₄7H₂O
(6) monoclinic a = b = c and α= γ= 90° = βCalcite KMnO₄
(7) triclinic a = b = c and α = β = γ = Graphite, ice and Quartz

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