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Home >> Chemistry Dictionary >> Copper Chlorides Copper Hydroxides
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Copper. A transition reddish brown metal occurring in nature mainly as sulphide. It is an excellent conductor of heat and electricity, the best conductor next to silver. It is malleable and ductile. It shows poor chemical activity. It is used for making electric cables, electric goods, alloys (brass, bronze), in electroplating, in making ornaments, and salt used in agriculture insecticides and pesticides.
Symbol: Cu; a.n. 29; m.p. 1083ºC; b.p. 2582ºC; r.d. 8.9.
Copper bromides. CuBr2 and Cubr. Very similar to copper chlorides.
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Copper chlorides. Copper (H) chloride, CuCl2. Dark brown (Cu plus excess Cl2) forms green CuCl2, 2H2O and many complexes, e.g. CuCl2, pyridine, generally containing bridging chlorines. Complex species, e.g. (Cu2Cl6)2-,(CuCl4)2- yellow or green, are also known.
Capper (I) chloride, CuCl. White solid (CuCl2 plus HCl plus excess copper or SO2). Gives carbonyl and phosphine complexes.
Copper chromite. Mixed oxide, often with added Ba2+, used as a catalyst for reduction of ketones and esters to alcohols.
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Copper cyanide. CuCN. White compound (Cu(II) plus KCN solution, (CN)2 liberated) forms K3Cu(CN)4 with excess KCN.
Copper ethanoate. [Cu(O2CCH3)2, H2O]3. Dimeric compounds with Cu-Cu interaction copper carbonate plus ethanoic acid).
Copper fluoride, CuF2, 2H2O. Anhydrous CuF2 and some complexes are known.
Copper hydroxides, Basic copper (II) salts are formed by precipitation with, e.g. NaOH. A rather indefinite copper (II) hydroxide is precipitated from copper (II) solutions. On heating converted to a hydrated oxide.
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Copper iodide. Copper (II) iodide is not known. Addition of 1- to a solution of a copper(II) salt gives a precipitate of copper(I) iodide, Cul(12 librated quantitatively).
Copper napthenates. Copper(II) salts of carboxylic acids derived from crude petroleum oils and used as wood preservatives.
Copper nitrate. Cu(NO3)2. Formed with 3H2O (CuO, Cu, CuCO3 in dil. HNO3). Forms 9 and 6 hydrates and decomposes on heating to the oxide. Anhydrous Cu(NO3)2 is formed from Cu, liquid N2O4 and C2H5O2CCH3; it is appreciably volatile.
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Copper oxides.
Copper(I) oxide, Cu2O. Red solid formed from Cu(II) salt and hydrazine or heat on CuO. Gives a cheap red glass and a cuprate, KCuO (K2O plus Cu2O).
Copper (II) oxide, CuO. Black solid formed by heating Cu(OH)2, Cu(NO3)2, etc. Dissolves in acid to Cu(II) salts, decompose to Cu2O at 800ºC. Forms cuprates in solid state reactions A cuprate(III), KCuO2, is also known.
Copper perchlorates. Copper(II) perchlorate, Cu(ClO4)2, 6H2O. Formed from CuO and HClO4.
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Copper(I) perchlorate, CuClO4. Formed in solutions of organic solvents (Et2O, C6H6) by displacement of Ag by Cu.
Copper sulphates. Copper(II) sulphate, CuSO4. Blue crystals (blue-vitriol) of CuSO4, 5H2O from CuO and H2SO4; gives pale blue trihydrate which loses most of its water at 250ºC (used-blue colour-to detect water). Obtained industrially from copper ores and H2SO4 or Cu plus H2SO4 plus air. Used in agriculture, and water treatment, as a wood preservative.
Copper(I) sulphate, Cu2SO4. Grey solid, Cu2O plus dimethyl sulphate.
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