Dictionary, Defintion, Meaning, What is Congeners, Continuous Spectrum, Conjugate Solutions, Conservation of Energy

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Home >> Chemistry Dictionary >> Congeners Continuous Spectrum

Your Ad Here	Congeners. Elements that belong to the same group in the periodic Table. Coning and quartering. A sampling technique involving the formation of cone, flattering rejection of opposite quarters, repetition to obtain a sample of appropriate size. Conjugate solutions. Solutions of two substances in one another which are in equilibrium at a particular temperature.
Conservation of energy, law of. In systems of constant mass, energy can neither be created nor destroyed. One term of energy may disappears, but another takes its place. Thus the energy possessed by a hammer may be converted into heat on striking a surface. In an isolated system, the total energy of the system remains constant. Energy and mass are interconvertible. Conservation of matter, law of. This law, which was understood by the Greeks, was first clearly formulated by Lavoisier in 1774 in the statement that matter can neither be destroyed nor created.
However, emission of radiation must be accompanied by a loss of mass, equal to E/mc₂, where E is the energy of the radiation and c the velocity of light. E/mc₂ is usually small compared with the masses of material. Contact process: An industrial method to manufacture sulphuric acid. The sulphur dioxide and oxygen is passed over the surface of V₂O₅ or platinised silica, at about 450ºC. The sulphur trioxide is cooled and then passes to the absorption tower in which concentrated sulphuric acid is sprayed from the top. Thus, oleum is formed. SO₃ + H₂SO₄H₂SO₄SO₂ (oleum) The oleum is finally diluted to get the desired concentration of sulphuric acid. H₂SO₄SO₃ + H₂O2H₂SO₄	Your Ad Here
Continuous spectrum. The occurrence of well defined lines or of bands consisting of well defined lines, arises because electronic, vibrational and rotational energy charges in a molecule can only occur in definite steps corresponding to transitions between allowed energy levels. Certain charges e.g., the dissociation of a molecule, are not quantized processes. If light is emitted during the occurrence of such a process, its frequence no longer has definite values, but may take any value over a continuous range of frequencies the spectrum of such a system appears to be continuous.
Your Ad Here	A continuous spectrum is characteristic of an unquantized process, such as dissociation. Contraceptive drugs. Drugs used to prevent conception. The drugs are mainly hormonal steroid derivatives. Conversion processes. A general term used to describe an industrial reaction involving conversion of products. Converter. Refer to the reaction vessel in the Bessemer process or some similar steel making process.

Cooling towers. Towers used to cool water for use in condensers and coolers. Cooling is generally by contact with atmospheric air.
Co-ordinate bond. The linkage of two atoms by a pair of electrons, both electrons being provided by one of the atoms (the donor). The cor-ordinate bond is formally identical with the covelent bond. An atom capable of accepting the electrons is the acceptor, the molecule donating the electrons is the donor or ligand. Co-ordinate linkages occur widely in inorganic complexes. See valency, theory of.
Co-ordination number. The number of groups, molecules, atom , or ions surrounding a given atom or ion in a complex or crystal. For instance, in a square-planar complex the central ion has a coordination number of four. In a close-packed crystal (See close packing) the coordination number is twelve.
Co-ordination number
2 Linear BeCl₂CO₂
bent H₂O
3 Trigonal planar BF₃
Pyramidal NH₃
4 Tetrahedral CH₄, [NiCl₄]^2-
Square planar (PtCl₄)^2-
5 Trigonal bipyramidal PF₅
Square pyramidal IF₅
6 Octahedral NaCl, [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺
trigonal prismatic NiAs
7 Pentagonal bipyramid Re F₇
Face-centred octahedron [NbOF₈]^3-
Face-entered trigonal prism
[TaF₇]^2-
8 cubic CsCl
Square antiprism [Mo(CN)₈]^4-
dodecahedral [Mo(CN)₈]^4-
12 icosahedral [Ce(NO₃)₆]^2-
Cubic close-packed perovskite

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