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  Home >> Chemistry Dictionary >> Calorimeter Carbanion

Caliche,
A mixture of the salts which is found in deposits between gravel beds in the Atacema and Tarapoca regions of Chile. They are economically important as a source of nitrates.

Californium,
Symbol Cf. A radioactive metallic transuranic element belonging to the actinoids; a.n. 98 ; mass number of the most stable isotope 251 (half-life about 700 years) Nine isotopes are known ; californium—252 is an neutron source, which makes it useful in neutron activation analysis and potentially useful as a radiation source in medicine.

Calomel
Hg2Cl2. A white powder, tasteless and odourless,  insoluble in water, ethanol and organic solvents. Used in medicine.

Calorie
A heat unit widely used in scientific and industrial work. Defined in terms of the joule and referred to as the international table calorie (calrr) which is equivalent to 4.1868 joules.
For fules it is quite to employ kilocalories per kilograms as a measure of calorific value while for foods the unit used is kilocalorie, per gram. This however, is often abbreviated to Calories so that a value for carbohydrates of 4.1 Calories per gram is 4100 calories per gram.

Calorimeter.
A device for the measurement of calorific values of fules and foods or the measurement of heats of chemical reactions. For solid liquid fuels the bomb calorimeter is used, while for gases a suitable gas calorimeter is used.

Calx
A metal oxide which is formed by heating an ore in air.

Camphor.
(C10H16O) A white crystalline solid with a characteristic small, m.p. 178°C. It is found in the camphor tree. It is used medicinally as a carminative and stimulant. It is a popular remedy for colds and used in the manufacture of celluloid. It is a plasticizer in celluloid.

Canada balsam.
A yellow tinted resin which is used for mounting specimens in optical microscopy. It is having similar optical properties to glass.

Caniine,
(C8H17N). A colourless oil which boils at 439—440k. It is found in the seeds and other parts of the spotted hemlock, a shrub growing in wet locations. It is optically active. It has an unpleasant smell and turns brown on exposure to air. It is soluble in water but more soluble in alcohol.

Canonical structure
Refers to any of the specified structures contributing to a resonance hybrid..

Caproic acid
n-hexanoic acid, C6H12O3, CH3[CH3]4 CO2H. An oil, m.p. —3.4°C, b.p. 205°C. It is found as glycerides in the milk of cows and goats, in coconut oil and palm oil.

Capsicum.
Dried ripe fruit of various species of Capsicum. It contains the intensely pungent principle capsaicin is used as a linament or ointment for external application as a counter-irritant particularly in lumbago and rheumatism.

Carat.
(1) A measure of fineness (purity) of good. pure gold is described as 24- carat go. 14-carat gold contains 14 parts in 24 of gold, the remainder usually being copper. (2) A unit of mass equal to 0.200 gram, used to measure the masses of diamonds and other gemstones.

Carbamates.
Salt and esters of carbonic acid.

Carbamido-
The group —NHCONH2

Carbamyl-
The group –CONH2

Carbanion
An organic ion having a negative charge on a carbon atom. Carbanions are intermediates in certain types of organic reaction.

Carbazole,
C12H9N. Occurs with anthracene in the solid which separates from anthracene oil. It is used in dyestuff preparation M.P. 238°C , b.p 335°C. Insoluble in water and sparingly soluble in most organic solvents. It sublimes easily.

Carbene.
A species of the type R2C, in which the carbon atom has two electrons that do not bonds. Carbenes are highly reactive and exist only as transient intermediated in certain organic reactions.

Carbolic acid.
An old name for phenol. (phenol or hydroxy Benzene (C6H5OH) A colourless crystalline solid m.p. 430°C b.p. 182°C which twins pink on exposure to air. It readily dissolves in ether and ethanol but moderately soluble in cold water.

Carbon,
C At. no. 6 at. wt. 12.011, m.p. 3550°C, b.p. 4830°C. Occurs in both free and combined (Co2, (CO3)2-, etc) states. The crystalline forms are diamond (metastable) and graphite for details of structure see under individual headings. Various forms of amorphous carbon are describes; most contain microcrystalline material. Active carbon and carbon black are widely used in industry. steel is an iron-carbon system. Carbon fibres, produced by Pyrolysis, confer great strength on plastic materials 12C is the standard of atomic mass, 13C has nuclear spin of  and can be used for n.m.r measurements, 14C is radioactive and is used for carbon dating since it is formed in the atmosphere and absorved only by living materials. Carbon burns in oxygen and reacts with halogens.
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