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  Home >> Chemistry Dictionary >>Angstrom - Anode Mud

Anhydrite.
An important rock-forming anhydrous mineral form of calcium sulphate, CaSO4. It is chemically similar to gypsum but is harder and heavier and crystallizes un the rhombic form (gypsum is monoclinic). Under natural conditions anhydrite slowly hydrates to form gypsum. It occurs chiefly in white and grayish granular masses and is often found in the caprock of certain salt domes. It is used as a raw material in the chemical industry and in the manufacture of cement and fertilizers.

Anhydro.
A prefix denoting an organic compound indicating that one or more molecules of hydrogen have been removed.

Angstrom.
Symbol A. A unit of length equal to 10-10 metre. It was formerly used to measure wavelengths and intermolecular distances but has now been replaced by the nanometer. 1 A = 0.1 nanometer. The unit is named after the Swedish pioneer of spectroscopy A.J, Angstrom (1814-74)

Anion.
An atom which has gained one or more electrons or a negatively charged group of atoms. Anion are present in the solid state e.g., CI- in NaCI and in solution s and melts. In electrolysis anions travel to the anode where they are discharged

Anisaldehyde.
4-methoxybenzaldehybe, C8H8O2. A colourless liquid, b.p. 2480C. It occurs in aniseed and is used in synthetic perfumery under the name audepine’ or artifical hawthorn.

Anisole.
Methoxybenzene, C7H8O, PhOCH3. Colourless liquid, b.p. 1550C. Prepared by the action of dimethyl sulphate on a solution of phenol in excess of alkali

Anode mub.
By passing the electric current, the pure metal generally dissolves from the anode and is deposited on the cathode. The soluble impurities go into the solution, while insoluble matter settles at the bottom, called anode mud

Anisotropic
Denoting a medium in which certain physical properties are different in different directions. Wood, for instance, is an anisotropic material: Its strength along the grain differs from that perpendicular to the grain. Single crystals that are not cubic are anisotropic with respect to some physical properties, such as the transmission of electro magnetic radiation.

Annealing.
The heating and controlled cooling of a substance (generally a metal or glass) to relieve stresses. It is generally done in a tunnel like over

Anode.
The electrode which carries the positive charge in an electrochemical cell. In electrolysis the anode is the electrode at which the negative ions are discharged

Anodic oxidation.
Process of oxidation in solution by using an electric current

Anodizing.
A process of coating objects made of aluminium with a protective oxide film, by making them the anode in an electrolytic both containing an oxidizing electrolyte. Anodizing can also be used to produce a decorative finish by formation of an oxide layer that can absorb a coloured dye

Antabuse.
A drug used in the treatment of alcoholism

Antacids.
The substance used to reduce the amount of acid in the stomach. There can be direct neutralization (NaHCO3, MgO); buffering (sodium citrate, magnesium silicate); absorption of H+ (AI (OH)3); ion exchange (zeolites).

Anthocyanidines.
A coloured aglycones (sugar-free compounds) obtained by hodrolysis of the glycoside-containing anthocyanines

Anthracene (C14H16) A colourless plate with slight blue fluorescence, m.p. 217°C, b.p. 354-355°C. It is present in colar tar (1/2% from which
It is separated by fractional distillation. Of a little use commercially except as a route to anthraquinone

Anthracite.
A bright, hard coal with a carbon content greater than 93%

Anthranilic acid.
Or O-Aminobenzoic acid (C6H4.NH2COOH). A white solid (m.p. 418k) obtained by the reduction of o-nitrobenzoic acid. It is sweet in taste and soluble in water, alcohol and ether. It is used in the manufacture of indigotin and methyl anthranilates is used in perfumery

Anthraquinone.
C11H8O2. Colourless needles or prisms which can be
Purified by sublimation or steam distillation m.p. 2850C. It is used as a bird repellant.

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