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Home >> Chemistry Dictionary >>Albumin (Albumen) - Aldosterone
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Al.
Aluminium.
Alabaster.
2CaSO4, H2O. The product of calcination of grpsum, a cement. Obtained by heating gypsum. It finds use as a bonding material in building in medicine.
Albumin (albumen).
One of a group of globular proteins that are soluble in water but from insoluble coagulates when heated. Albumins occur in egg white, blood, milk, and plants. Serum albumins, which constitute about 55% of blood plasma protein, help regulate the osmotic pressure and hence plasma volume. They also bind and transport fatty acids. α-lactalbumin is one of the proteins in milk.
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Alcohols.
Organic compounds that one of more hydroxyl groups attached directly to carbon atoms. Aromatic derivatives having hydroxyl groups joined directly to the carbon atoms of the ring are called phenols and have distinctive properties. Compounds with oneOH group are called monohydric alcohols are known as glycols; the most important trihydric dihydric alcohol is glycerol; tetra-, penta-, and hexa-hydric alcohols are generally derived from sugars. Monohydric alcohols are given systematic names as derivatives of methanol, which, for this purpose, is called carbinol. It is usual to employ names ending in-ol derived from the names of the corresponding paraffin hydrocarbons, e.g., ethanol for ethyl alcohol, isopropanol for isoprophyl alcohol.
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The monohydric alcohols from a series whose lower members are odorous liquids and higher members white, odourless solids. They react with metals such a sodium, calcium, and aluminium to give alkoxids, and with acid to give esters. Sulphuric acid and other agents remove water to from alkenes. Primary alcohols on oxidation five aldehydes; secondary alcohols give ketones white tertiary alcohols break down to give compound containing fewer carbon atoms than the original alcohol
Alcoholysis.
A reaction in which an alcohol plays a part similar to that of water in hydrolysis.
Aldehydes.
The organic compounds possessing the functional groupCHO in the molecule. Aldehydes may be prepared by partial oxidation of the corresponding primary alcohol.
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Aldicarb.
C7H14N2O2S,
CH3SC (CH3) CH = NOC (O) NHMe. A systemic carbamate-type insecticide and nematocide widely used on sugar beet and potatoes.
Aldol.
(acctadol, β-hydroxybutyraldehyde, 3 hydroxybutanal): A colourless liquid, b.pt 830/20 m.m, miscible with water and ethanol. It is prepared from acetaldehyde in the presence of NaOH.
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NaOH |
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| 2CH3CHO |
---------> |
CH3CHOH. |
CH2CHO |
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Aldonic acid.
An acid derived from an aldose by oxidation of the aldehyde group to a carboxyl group. e.g. gluconic acid.
Aldose.
A sugar containing a potential aldehyde (CHO) group. The group may be obscured by its inclusion in a ring system. Aldoses are also called aldopentoses, aldohexoses etc., according to the number of carbon atoms they contain
Alsosterone.
A hormone C21H28O5 produced by the adrenal glands that controls excertion of sodium by the kidneys and thereby maintains the balance of slat and water in the body fluids.
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Algin.
A seaweed colloid principally alginic acid which is D-mannuronic acid. Used mainly as the Na slat giving a very viscous solution with water. Used as a stabilizer for food products (ice cream, etc.) pharmaceuticals and as a dressing in the textile inustry
Alginic acid.
(C6H8O6)n. A complex organic compound linked to carbohydrates. It occurs in some seaweeds. It is used for preparing emulsions and as a thickening agent in food Industry
Alicyclic.
An aliphatic cyclic compounds e.g. cyclohexane.
Aliphatic.
A compound having its carbon atoms in chains and not in closed rings. Originally used to describe the fats and fatty acids, which are typical of this structure.
Alizarin.
C14H8O4. Orange-red dyestuff. Dissolves in alkaline solutions to give purple-red solution which are precipitated as lakes by heavy metal salts. Occurs naturally as a glucoside in madder but produced synthetically by fusing Anthraquinone-2-sulphonic acid with NaOH and
some KCIO3. Applied to the mordanted fibre. Al(OH)3 gives a bright red lake, Cr(OH)3a red lake, Fe(OH)3 a violet lake. Dyeing is carried out in boiling aqueous solution.
Alkali.
A hydroxide of one of the alkali metals. Also used for such substances as CaO, Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3, which give an alkaline solution (pH > 7) in water. In aqueous solution the term alkali is virtually synonymous with the term base.
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