Dictionary, Defintion, Meaning, What is Adenosine Monophosphate, Aerosol, Aerogel, sodium sulphosuccinic Acid, Adatom, Additional Reaction, Adenosine, Adenosine diphosphate, Adhesive

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Home >> Chemistry Dictionary >>Adenosine Monophosphate - Aerosol,Aerogel

Your Ad Here	Adatom. An absorbed atom. Additional reaction. A chemical reaction in which one molecule adds to another. Addition reactions occur with unsaturated compounds containing double or triple bonds, and may be electrophilic or nucleophilic. An example of electrophilic addition is the reaction of hydrogen chloride with an alkene e.g. HCI+CH₂: CH₂ --> CH₃ CH₂ Cl An example of nucleophilic addition is the addition of hydrogen cyanide across the carbonyl bound in aldehydes to form cyanohydrins. Addition-elimination reactions are ones in which the addition is followed by elimination of another molecule.
Adduct. A compound formed by an addition reaction. The term is used particularly for compounds formed by co-ordination between a Lewis acid (acceptor) and a Lewis base (donor). Adenosine. A nucleoside comprising one adenine molecule linked to a D-ribose sugar molecule. The phosphate ester derivatives of adenosine, AMP, ADP, and ATP, are of fundamental biological importance as carriers of chemical energy. A denosine diphosphate (ADP). Adenosine 5’ diphosphate (pyrophosphate). A precursor of ATP and is also formed form it during processes in which ATP is involved.
Adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Normally adenosine 5’ phosphate an important structural component of nucleic acids and of several coenzymes. Adhesive. A substances used for joining substance used for joining surfaces together. Adhesives are generally colloidal solutions, which set to gels. There are many types including animal glues (based on collagen), vegetable mucilages, and synthetic resins (e.g. epoxy resins) Additives. Compounds, usually added in small amounts, which will confer Specific properties on the bulk material e.g. anti-foaming additives for lubricating oils.	Your Ad Here
Adhesives. Materials used to bond solids together. Examples include glues (starches, proteins), thermoplastic resins, thermosetting resins, rubber, asphalt, sodium silicates. Used in construction, packing, textiles, furniture, and electrical goods. Adiabatic change. A change in which heat is neither allowed to escape, from, nor is added to, the system during the change. Adiabatic process. Refers to any process that occurs without heat entering or leaving a system. In general, an adiabatic change involves a fall or rise in temperature of the system.
Your Ad Here	Absorbate. The substance which is adsorbed onto the surface of the adsorbent. Adsorbent. The substance upon whose surface the process of adsorption occurs. Adsorption. Adsorption is of technical importance in processes such as the purification of materials, drying of gases, control of factory effluents, production of high vacua, etc. Adsorption phenomena are the basis of heterogeneous catalysis and colloidal and emulsification behaviour. Affinity. The chemical attraction for another substances leading to a strong or even violent, reaction, e.g., chlorine has an affinity for phosphorous, it reacts strongly, hydrogen chloride gas has a strong affinity for water.

Aerosol, aerogel.
A colloidal dispersion in which a finely divided solid is suspended in air and the particles are of colloidal dimensions, e.g. smoke. Aerosols can often be formed by the rapid condensation of a vapour such as that of a metal oxide.
Aerosol is also a trade name for certain wetting agents, most of which are esters of sodium sulphosuccinic acid.

Ag.
Silver

Agar.
A gelatine-like material obtained from sea weeds. It is chemically related to the carbohydrates.

Agate.
A very hard natural form of silica. It is used for knife-edges of balances, for mortars and in ornaments.

Age hardening.
Refers to a process by which the hardness of a metal or alloy increases with time after, it has been refined.

Air.
The mixture of gases that surrounds earth. The composition of air by volume is:
Nitrogen (N₂) 78.03%
Oxygen (O₂) 20.99%
Argon (Ar) 0.94%
Carbon-di-oxide (CO2) 0.023-0.050
Hydrogen (H₂) 0.01
Neon (Ne) 0.0015
Helium (He) 0.0005
Krypton (Kr) 0.00011
Xenon (Xe) 0.000009

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