students Logo
Home | Sitemap | Contact us | Search | Language
Left Right
  Home >> Chemistry Dictionary >>Acidic Dissociation Constant - Actinium Compounds

Acid halide.
An organic compound in which the OH group of a carboxylic acid is removed by a halogen. A simple acid halide derived from acetic acid is acetyl chloride.

Acid hydrolysis.
Hydrolysis is an acid medium; a ligand gets replaced by a water molecule.

Acid oil.
The alkali extract of phenol derivatives formed in the production of gasoline by cracking operations. Also referred to as cresylic acids (phenols).

Acid rain.
Rain containing acidic impurities (SO2, nitrogen oxides) generally from industrial pollution.

Acid salt.
The compound obtained after replacing one hydrogen atom by a metal ion e.g., NaHCHO3, NaHSO4 etc.

Acid sludge.
A complex acid residue produced when kerosene, lubricating oil or other petroleum products are refined with sulphonic acid or oleum. It consists of hydrocarbons, sulphuric acids and free sulphuric acid. Petroleum sulphonates can be recovered by extraction with alkali and used for the metal processing, textile and leather industries.

Acid value.
A measure of the amount of free acid present in a fat, equal to the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide needed to neutralize this acid. Fresh fats contain glycerides of fatty acids and very little free acid, but the glycerides decompose slowly with time and the acid value increases.

Acidic dissociation constant.
Most of the substances are acidic in water are actually weak acid. The extent to which an acid ionizes in ionization reaction. In general, we can represent any acid by this symbol HX, where X- is the formula for the conjugate base that remains when the proton ionizes. The ionization equilibrium is then given by the equation.
HX (aq) = H+(aq) + X-(aq)
The corresponding equilibrium constant is expresses as:
Ka = [H+][X‑]/[HX]
Where Ka is called the acid-dissociation constant.

Aconitic acid.
(C6H6O6) =
An unsaturated acid obtained by dehydrating citric acid with 50% sulphuric acid.

Aconitine. Intensely poisonous alkaloid obtained from Aconitum napellus, monksbane, m.p.197°C.

Acridine.
CH13H9N. Colourless needles, m.p. 111°C. It is derived from coaltar. Its finds use in the synthesis of dyes and pharmaceuticals.

Acriflavine.
A mixture of 2, 8-diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride hydrochloride and 2, 8-diaminoacridine. It is used for the same purposes as proflavine.

Acrilan.
A name for a synthetic fibre, based on a copolymer of acrylonitrile with minor proportions of other unspecified vinyl monomers.

Acrylate.
CH2=CHCOOR. Here R is an alkyl radical such as CH3, C2H5, an ester of acrylic acid. Easy to polymerize. It finds use in the production of polymers.

Acrylic acid.
Ch2=CH-COOH. Refers to the simplest monobasic olefinic acid. It is colourless liquid. It is soluble in water.

Acrylonitirle.
The elements ectinium, thorium protactinium, uranium, neptunium, plutonium, americium, curium, berekelium, californium, einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium, nobelium, and lawrencium are collectively known as actinides.

Actinium.
Symbol Ac. A silvery radioactive metallic element belonging to group IIIB of the periodic table; a.n.89; mass number of most stable isotope 227 (half-life 21.7 years); m.p. 1050 ± 50°C; b.p. 3300°C (estimated). Actinium-227 occurs in natural uranium to an occurs in nature. There are 22 other artificial isotopes, all radioactive and all with very short half lives. Its chemistry is similar to that of lanthanum. It has no uses.


Actinium compounds.
Because of its intense radioactivity very few actinium compounds have been isolated. In its compound the element is tripositive, forming very similar compounds to lanthanum. Actinium salts are colourless.

Actinium series.
The (4n+3) series of the radioactive series. It ends withlead 207.

Actinometer.
Any of various instruments for measuring the intensity of electromagnetic radiation. Recent actinometers use the photoelectric effect but earlier instruments depended either on the fluorescence produced by the radiation on a screen or on the amount of chemical change induced some suitable substance.

Left Right