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  Home >>Botany Dictionary>>Versatile - Volva

Versatile - In another which gets attached at the tip of the filament, by a small area on its dorsal side, so that it would turn freely in the wind thereby helping the dispersal of the pollen.

Verticillaster - A kind of inflorescence looking like a dense whorl of flower. Actually it is a combination of two crowded dichi­asal cymes, one at each side of the stem.

Vesicle - Used for a cavity within the cytoplasm which is sur­rounded by a membrane. It may be of any shape like tubular spherical, discoid, ovoid etc. It may contain particles e.g., endocytotic particles of fluids e.g., secretory products of golgi bodies. The surrounding membrane separate its contents from the cytoplasm.

Vessel - A non -living of the element of the xylem. It is made up of a tube-like series of cells arranged end-to-end, running parallel to the long axs of the organ in which it lies, and in communication with adjacent elements by means of numer­ous pits in the side-walls. Its main function is the conduction of water and mineral salts. It also gives mechanical support.

Vitamin - Any com pound that is needed in trace amount for normal functioning of an organism. It is not synthesized by some heterotrophs and they have to obtain it from some outside source through their food. A number of vitamins have been reported e.g., vitamin A,B, C, D, E, K.

Vitamin A - An isoprenoid compound whose deficiency results in night blindness. It is not present in plants but carotene pig­ments if ingested get cleaved into two molecules of vitamin A.

Vessel Element - The tracheary cell which is present in xylem of some ferns, most angiosperms and order Gnetales of gymno­sperms characterised by the presence of a perforation plate, a lignified secondary cell wall and lacking a living protoplast at maturity. These elements form vessels in which their end walls breakdown to form perforation plates. Vessel elements are usually shorter than trachieds and are different from them   in having perforation plates and different types of wall pitting.

Viroid - An extremely small infection agent that consists of mainly RNAwith no enclosing coat or capsid. These-are isolated from various plants in which they undergo replication and result characters tic disease symptoms. Examples are potato spindle tuber viroid, hop stunt viroid avocado sun blotch viroid etc.

Virulence -
(1) The capacity of a parasite for causing disease. (2) The degree or measurement of pathogenicity.

Vibrio - Any bacterium that is comma-shaped.

Vicariance - Means the splitting up of an original biota into several isolated biotas (vicariants) by past geological or climatic events. Each vicariant then develops independently with evolution of different species.

Villous - Stands for describing anything which has shaggy appearance due to coverage of long, soft, surly trichomes.

Virus - A small infectious agent whose reproduction in the cell and transmission by natural infection gives characteristic reac­tions of cells and individuals. Outside the host cell a virus consists of DNA of RNA surrounded by a protein shell.

Virescent - An abnormal green condition which is sometimes accompanied by the development of small, crowded leaf -like structures, due to the attack of a parasite or other disease.

Virion - Stands for inert phase of virus outside the cell which is consising of piece of DNA (or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat.

Vitamin K - A fat soluble quinone which occurs in most plans and many micro-organisms. It plays a vital role in the transfer of electrons from photosystem I to photosystem II in photosyn­thesis. Its deficiency in animals affects the normal blood clotting mechanism.

Vitta - (1) A stripe.
(2) A resin or oil canal often found in the pericarps of some fruits of plants in Umbelliferae.

Viviparous - (1). Used for plants which produce bulbils or young plants, instead of and in place flowers.
(2) Used for a seed which germinates before it gets detached from the parent plant.

Volunteer - A crop which grows from unplanted seeds, e.g., seed shed by the previous crop.

Volutin Granules - (1) Granular cytoplasmic inclusions that stain intensely with basic dyes. They contribute to the formation of chromatin.
(2) Used for stored food substance in fungi, especially yeasts.

Volva - A sheath of hyphae which encloses the whole of the fruit­ body of some agaric. It gets ruptured as the fruit-body enlarges and sometimes remains as a cup or pouch around the base of the stipe

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