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Home >>Botany Dictionary >> Kampf Zone - Krummholz
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Kampf Zone - Describing the zone of elfin forest. See elfin forest.
Karyaster - A group of chromosomes which are arranged like the spokes of a wheel.
Karyogamy - (1) The dividing of a nucleus into two, passing to the opposite sides of the cell.
(2) The union of two nuclei, especially gametic nuclei.
Karyogram (idiogram) - Used for a diagram or photograph of chromosomes at mitotic metaphase present in the somatic cell of an individual in which chromosomes get arranged in homologous pairs in an agreed conventional sequence.
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Karyokinesis - Used for the process of nuclear division which precedes cytoplasmic division.
Karyolymph - The matrix which is lying in the reticulum of the nucleoplasm.
Karyomere - A swollen condition which is sometimes seen in chromosomes towards the end of a nuclear division.
Karyoplasm (Nucleoplasm) - Used for the substance of nucleus apart from the chromatin that is having complexes and enzymes necessary for the replication of DNA and synthesis o RNA molecules.
Kataphase - The state of mitosis from the formation of the chromosomes up to the division of the cell.
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Karyosome - (1) A nucleus.
(2) A chromosome.
(3) An aggregation of chromatin in a resting nucleus.
(4) A type of nucleolus well-shown by many of the lower plants which stain with basic dyes, and furnishes material for the chromosomes .
Karyotype - The character of a nucleus which is defined by the size. shape, and number of the mitotic chromosomes.
Katabions - Organisms in which katabolism processes are predominating over anabolic processes, as in animals.
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Keel (carina). (1) Boat-shaped structure which is formed by fusion of two lower (anterior) petals in flower with papilionaceous corolla around the stamens and gynoecium.
(2) Used for describing any ridge-like structure.
Kelps - Used for algal plants of order laminariales of Phaeophyata which is having the largest known algae Macrocystis and Nereocystis.
Kernel - (1) The seed inside the stony endocarp of a drupe.
(2) An obsolete term for the nutritive tissue and acid in perithecium.
Ketose - A hezose having sugar a =O group on the second carbon
atom, and no HO group on the first one e.g., fructose.
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Kinase - The enzyme catalysing the transfer of phosphate to ADP
forming A TP.
Kinetic Body - A small granular body lying where a chromosome gets attached to the spindle.
Kinetic Constriction, Kinetochore - The portion of a chromo some in which the attachment is made to a spindle fiber.
Kinetomeres - Molecules of protoplasm which may be energy-rich and reactive, energy-poor and stable.
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Kinetosome (basal body, blepherolast). Said of the cylindrical structure in cytoplasm present at the base of each flagellum or cilium in motile eukaryotic cells. It is composed of a cylinder of nine microtubules which are linked by fine cross bridges. It transfers ATP and possibly other materials to the fibres in the shaft of flagellum or cilium.
Kingdom - The highest rank in the hierarchy of taxonomic ranks.
Kinins - A group of plant hormones, which are particularly important in influencing the rate of mitosis. Found in young developing tissue and embryos.
Kino - A resin-like substance which is soluble in water, astringent, used medicinally and in tanning.
Kinoplasm - Protoplasm which is composed of fibrils and which in cell-division composes of the spindle fibres, attraction sphere, and astral rays.
Klinostat (c1inostat). An apparatus for studying the plant growth in absence of directional stimulus. It consists of an electrically or mechanically driven motor that rotates a plateform to which plant or seedling being gets attached in some manner the rotation of plateform prevents uninterrupted exposure of unidirectional stimulus to a plant part.
Kranz Structure - A type of organisation or photosynthetic tissue which occurs in leaves of grasses (and leaves of C4 dicotylendonous plants) in which bundle sheath cells are larger and have chloroplasts surrounded by one or many layered halo ofmesophyll cells. Bundle shath chloroplasts have been specialized, elongated, without grana but capable of forming starch grains. Mesophyll chloroplasts have been found to be structurally similar to those of C3 plants but do not form starch grains. In mesophyll cell chloroplasts, CO2 reacts with phosphoenolpyruvate to form oxaloacetate which gets transported to bundle sheath chloroplasts where CO2is again released and gets refixed by normal Calvin cycle reactions.
Kreb's Cycle (TCA cycle, acid cycle). Describing the cyclic sequence of reactions occurring universally in organism that respire aerobically. In this cycle acetyl portion of acetyl CoA gets oxidized completely into CO2and hydrogen ions reduce FAD and NAD into FADH2 and NADH2 thereby conserving the energy released in oxidation ofacetyl portion. Acetyl CoA enters the cycle by being reactive with oxaloacetate to form acetate and frees CoA-SH and subsequently forms cis-aconitate which by involving a series of compounds, again yields the oxaloacetate. Cycle is amphibolic pathway having both catabolic and anabotic functions.
Krummholz : See elfin forest.
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