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Home >>Botany Dictionary >> C3 Plant - Carrier
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C3 Plant - A plant which is forming a 3-carbon compound (phosphoglyceric acid) as the first stable product of darkflaxation of CO2 in photosynthesis. Most of the plants of term perate region exhibit photosynthetic pathway.
C4 Plant - A plant having first stable product of dark-fixation of CO2 as a 4 carbon compound (oxalocetic acid). Many tropical plants exhibit C4 pathway of photosynthesiss.
Caducous - Used for describing parts of a plant which fall off easily or at an early stage in the life of the plant.
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Caecum - Describing an extension of the embryosac into the en dosperm.
Caeoma - An aecium having no peridium, with or without paraphyses, or it is represented by a sterile ring of hyphae.
Caespitous - A plant which has a tufted form of growth as in many grasses like Deschampsia caespitosa.
Caffeine - A purine occurring in coffee beans, tea leaves, and cacao beans. An oxidation product of the methyl derivative of purine.
Calyx - The outer whorl of a flower made up of sepals which are generally green and protect the flower in the bud.
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Callose - A carbohydrate, insoluble in cupra ammonia, but soluble in 1 % solutions of caustic alkalies. It gets deposited seasonally or permanently on sieve plates, thereby making them to stop functioning.
Callus - (1) A more or less corky secondary tissue which is developed by woody plants over a wound. It is generally derived from a cambium.
(2) The swollen base of the inferior palea of grasses which is next to the axis
A mass of material which is formed on a cell wall around the germ-tube of a parasitic fungus. cleavage of ribulose biphosphate (RuBp) to form 2 molecules of phosphglyceric acid which get reduced to phosphoglyceraldehyde by involving NAD and later RuBp gets regenerated by a complex series of reactions involving carboxylation of 6 RuBp molecules and regeneration of 6 RuBp moleculesalongwith formation of one molecule of glucose.
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Overall series of reactions may be put as follows:
6 RuBp + 6 CO2 + 18 ATP + 12 NADPH + 12 H+ 12 Hp- 6RuBp + glucose + 18Pi + 18 ADP + 12 NADP+ See also Hatch-slack pathway.
A mass of material which is formed on a cell wall around the germ-tube of a parasitic fungus. cleavage of ribulose biphosphate (RuBp) to form 2 molecules of phosphglyceric acid which get reduced to phosphoglyceraldehyde by involving NAD and later RuBp gets regenerated by a complex series of reactions involving carboxylation of 6 RuBp molecules and regeneration of 6 RuBp moleculesalongwith formation of one molecule of glucose. Overall series of reactions may be put as follows:
6 RuBp + 6 CO2 + 18 ATP + 12 NADPH + 12 H+ 12 Hp- 6RuBp + glucose + 18Pi + 18 ADP + 12 NADP+
See also Hatch-slack pathway.
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Calyptra - (1) A layer of cells which is protecting the developing sporophyte in the mosses and liverworts. It forms a hood over capsule and gets derived from venter wall of archegonium which ruptures by elongation of seta.
(2) (root cap) Hood-shaped cap ofparenchymatous cells at the rood tip which is protecting the growing root apex from abrasion when meristem grows into the hard soil. It gets derved from separate meristem calyptrogen.
Calyptrogen - A meristematic tissue from which the root cap if many plants is formed.
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Calyx Tube - (1) A tube which is formed by the fusion ofat least the lower part ofthe calyx.
(2) The hollowed receptacle of a perigynous flower, on which the petals and stames grow.
Cambiform Cell - An elongatted, ointed parenchymatous cell which occurs in the phloem.
Cambium - Representing a lateral meristem which is found in vascular plants. It is exhibiting secondary growth by periclinic divisions of initials. It is present in stems mostly between xylem and pholem tissues and formed at other positions also (in secondary growth). There are two cambia, the vascular cambium and the phellogen.
Cambrian - Describing the earliest period of geological time scale in the Palaeozzoic era, from about 570 to 500 million years ago. Rocks ofthis period have abundant fossils ofmarine organisms i.e., algae and such invertebrates as trilobitas and brachiopods. No land organisms are found.
Cam Plant. Used for any plant which shows crassulacean acidmetabo1ism for fixing atmospheric CO2,
Camptodromous - Used for describing a form of leaf benation in which there is simple primary vein and secondary veins arising from it curve upwards towards the leaf margin.
Campylotropus - Said ofa form ofovule orientation in which ovule develops horizontally and funiculus is seen to be attached halfway between the chalaza and the micropyle. It is not very common but may be seen in Malvaceae and Caryophyllacea .
Canal - An elongated intercellular space which is usually having secretions of various kinds, e.g., oils, resins.
Canal Cell. The initial cell which later undergoes division to fill the central canal of the neck of the archegonia of Bryophyta and Pteridophyta. These cells get disintegrated when the archegonium gets ripened.
Canker - A plant disease which is caused by bacteria or fungi. It gives a limited necrosis of the cortical tissue.
Cap Cell. The cell present at the apex of the fern antheridium. It is shed when the antherozoids get liberated.
Capillarity (capillary action). Used for the movement fliquids in the lumen of narrow tubes (capillaries) which occurs due to surface tension of liquid. .
Capitulum - (1) A head of flowers.
(2) A racemose inflorescence in which the axis is flattened to form a disk. The flowers are sessile having the oldest outside, and enclosed in an involucre of bracts.
Capri Fig - A race of fig not producing edible fruit, but providing food for the wasps which pollinate the figs.
Capsid - Describing the protein coat of a virus which is surrounding and protecting the nucleic acid within. Its nature determines the host range of virus and infective efficiency. Serological reactions of capsid proteins can be used for identifying viruses.
Capsomere. Describing any of identical polypeptide sub-unitswhich make up the capsid protein of a virus.
Capsule - (1) Describing any dry dehiscent fruit which is derived from two or more many-seeded fused curpels.
(2) .Describing a transparent layer of gelatinons material which is enveloping some bacterial cells.
Carbohydrate (sacchride). Means a polyhydroxyaldehyde or ketone or their derivatives. Many have structural formula (CH2O)n thereby suggesting that they originally were hydrates of carbon. They function as energy-storage molecules or structural elements in plants.
Carbon Cycle - Describing the pathway of movement of carbon ecosystem i.e., from one component to other component of ecosystem which is including both living organisms and abiotic environment.
Carbonic Anhydrase - The enzyme catalysing the formation of bicarbonate ions from carbon dioxide and water. CO2 + H2O H+ + HCO3
Carboniferous - A geological period which is extending from about 270 to 220 million years ago.
Carboxydismutase - An enzyme catalysing the combination of ribulose-biphosphate and carbon dioxide to form two molecules of phosphoglyceric acid.
Carboxylase - An enzyme which is capable of spliting carbon dioxide from a substrate. e.g., CH3 CO.COOH C3CHO +CO2.
Carcerulus - - A fruit which splits at maturity into several- one seeded portions.
Cardinal Points of Temperature - The minimum point is when
growth starts the optimum when growth is best, and the maximum when growth stops.
Carina - A keel, as in the flowers of legumes, has 2 fused lower petals which enclose the stamens and stigma. It may playa part in pollination.
Carinal Canal - A vertical canal which is formed on the inner side of the metaxylem of the Equisetales, formed, by the disintegration of the protoxylem.
Carnivorous Plants - Describing plants capable of catching and digesting insects or other small animals.
Carotenoids - Used for yellow, orange or red, fat-soluble pigments occurring in all photossynthetic cells. They are accessory pigments, having absorption spectra suggesting their involvement in phototropic responses. Subdivided into carotenes and xanthophylls. Carotenes are hydrocarbons and xanthophylls their oxygenated derivatives.
Carpel - The megasporophyll of an angiosperm which bears the stigma, and frequently an elongated style, and encloses the ovules. The carpels may be separate or united.
Carpogonium - (1) The female sex organ to the Floridae. (2) The female sex-organ of some fungi, e.g., in the Erisiphaceae.
Carpomyceteae, Carpomycetes - The fungi having fruit bodies; the higher fungi, Lg., the Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes.
Carpophore - A raised part of the receptacle which is bearing the carpels and stamens.
Carposporangium. A sporangium in which the carpospores are formed. It is characteristic of the Rhodophycease.
Carpospore - A rounded, uninucleate non motile spore which is formed from the direct or indirect division of the zygote of the Rhodophyeae.
Carpotrophic - The movement of the flower-stalk after fertilization to bring fruit into a favourable position for the ripening and/ or dispersal of the seed.
Carr - Used for describing fern woodland with built-up of peat so that peat level gets raised sufficiently to allow establishment of certain' woody plants which can tolerate wet conditions (e.g. Almus, Salix, Viburnum opulus etc.)
Carrier - A plant infected with a virus, which does not show symptoms, but capable of infecting another plant, especially through an insect vector.
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