Use of Heterologous Probes,Heterologous Probes,Aleurone Gene,Colony Hybridization,Plaque,Chalcone Synthase

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Isolation, Sequencing and Synthesis of Genes Isolation, Sequencing and Synthesis of Genes - Introduction Isolation of Genes Isolation of Genes Coding for Specific Proteins Isolation of Genes with Known or Unknown Products having Tissue Specific Expression Isolation of Genes with Known or Unknown Products Using DNA or RNA Probes Use of Heterologus Probes Use of Synthetic Probes Isolation of Genes Coding Use of Transposable Elements Transposon Tagging T-DNA-Insertion Mutagenesis for Isolation of Plant Genes Promoter Enhancer and Gene Trap for Isolation of Genes Differential Screeing and Differential Display Technique for Isolation of Genes Subtractive Hybridizatioon for Gene Isolation Map Based Cloning for Gene Isolation Isolation of Novel Genes by Asis Data at JNU New Delhi

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Use of Heterologous Probes.
The probes obtained from one species and used for another species are called heterologous probes. These heterologous probes have been found to be effective in identifying gene clones during colony hybridization or plaque hybridization or on Southern blots. For instance, the gene for chalcone synthase (CHS) has been isolated from Antirrhinum majus and Petunia hybrida using heterologous Antirrhinum cDNA probe was used for isolation of CHS gene from barley and heterologous Antirrhinum cDNA probe was used for isolation of barley genes, Wx (waxy gene) and Al (aleurone gene).

Heterologous probes should ordinarily be used with cDNA library and not with the genomic library, since in the latter case, unrelated genes or pseudogenes (which do not express) may be isolated and cloned. These heterologous clones if isolated in expression vector (e.g. pGEM-4) can also be used for getting RNA probes, which have been found to be more sensitive and efficient.

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Sequencing of a Gene or a DNA Fragment Maxam and Gilbert's Chemical Degradation Method Sanger's Dideoxynucleotide Synthetic Method Automatic DNA Sequencers Slab Gel Versus Capillary Sequencers Slab Gel Sequencing Systems Capillary Gel Sequencing Systems Direct DNA Sequencing Using PCR Ligation Mediated PCR LMPCR DNA Sequencing Through Transcription DNA Sequencing by Hybridization Using Microarrays on DNA Chips DNA Sequencing by DE-MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Synthesis of Genes Synthesis of Gene for Yeast Alanyl tRNA Synthesis of Oligonucleotides Synthesis of Three Duplex Fragments Synthesis of Gene from Three Duplex Fragments Synthesis of Gene for a True Precursor tRNA Total Synthesis of a Human Leukocyte Interferon Gene Gene Synthesis Machines Protection Chemistry and Amidites Permanent Protecting Groups Temporary Protecting Groups Synthesis of Gene Using PCR Synthesis of Genes From mRNA