Virus Expression Vectors for Mammalian Cells, Number of Viruses, Expression Vectors, Mammalian Cells, Papovaviruses

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Cloning and Expression Vectors Cloning and Expression Vectors Introduction Cloning Vectors for Recombinant DNA Plasmids as Vectors Three Phases of the Development of Plasmid Cloning Vectors Alpha-Complementation for Screening Using "blue-white"Clonies Nonsense Suppressors to Complement Termination Codons in Vectors E.Coli Plasmid Vectors pBR322 and pBr327 Vectors pUC Vectors pSP64-pSP65 pGEM-3, pGEM-4, pGEM-3Z, pGEM-4Z ΠAN13 from ΠAN7 Yeast Plasmid Vectors Retriever Vectors Agrobacterium Plasmid Vectors Lambda Phage (λ)Vectors Lambda Phage (Lysis and Lysogeny) Genetic Markers for the Selection and Screening of λ Vectors Development of Lambda (λ)Phage Vectors Insertion λ Vectors Replacement λ Vectors M13 Phage as a Vector for DNA Sequencing M13-vectors-of-mp-Series Hosts for M13 Vectors Cosmids as Vectors Phagemids as Vectors Phagemids pUC118 and pUC119 Phagemid pBluesript IIKS

Home >> Biotechnology and Genomics >> Cloning and Expression Vectors >> Virus Expression Vectors for Mammalian Cells

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Virus expression vectors for mammalian cells

A number of viruses have also been used as transfer or expression vectors for mammalian cells. These include the following:

(i) The first viruses used for mammalian cells included DNA viruses like papovaviruses (SV 40 and polyoma) and adenoviruses, but since their capacity for foreign genes is small, they can not be used for the expression of many genes which are fairly large in size;

(ii) retroviruses (murine and avian retroviruses) are very useful vectors

Since they can infect broad variety of cell types and can be used for cloning large genes; however, being single stranded RNA they can not replicate without being integrated so that we will need replicating cells for expression or alternatively high-titer (high concentration) for fully differentiated cells (e.g. neurons, hepatocytes, etc.);

(iii) adeno-associated virus (AAV) overcomes the limitations associated with retroviruses even through, like retroviruses, it is an integrating virus, with 5kb single stranded

DNA; it is nonpathogenic, and can be concentrated to high titer (109 particles/l); (iv) herpes virus, is another important non-integrating virus of large size (150 kb), which can be used for expression of large intact genes.

Several of the above viruses have already been used and shown to express cloned genes, but they need to be further characterized for their long term usage. Some of them are also being used for gene therapy.

Viral class	Type of virus	Genome size
1. Adeno virus	DNA duplex	37 kb
2. Papova virus	DNA duplex	5-6 kb
3. Herpes virus	DNA duplex	160 kb
4. Adeno associated virus	DNA (single strand)	5 kb
5. Retro virus	RNA (single strand)	6-9 kb

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BACs and PACs as Vectors for Cloning large DNA Segments (100-300 kb) Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs) P1-derived Artificial Chromosomes (PACs) Plant and Animal viruses as Vectors Plant Viruses (Cauliflower Mosaic virus or CaMV and Geminiviruses) Animal Viruses Transposons as Vectors Transposons of Higher Plants (Ac/Dc or Mul of Maize) Transposons of drosophila (P elements) YAC and MAC Vectors for Cloning very large DNA Segments (1000 kb) Yeast Artificial Chromosomes (YACs) Mammalian Artificial chromosomes (MACs) Expression Vectors Promoters Nopaline Synthase (nos) Promoter from T-DNA Dual Promoter of Mannopine Synthase (mas) genes 1 and 2 35S Promoter of CaMV Polyhedrin Promoter from Baculovirus Expression Cassettes Baculovirus and Expression Vector System for Insect Cells Virus Expression Vectors for Mammalian Cells Binary and Shuttle Vectors