Molecular Probes, RNA Moleucles, Specific DNA Sequences, Specific Protein Sequences, Antibodies, Genetic Engineering, Infectious Diseaes

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Chimeric DNA Molecular Probes and Gene Libraries Chimeric DNA Molecular Probes and Gene Libraries Introduction Restriction Enzymes for Cloning Technique of Restriction Mapping Restriction Clevage and Gel Electrophoresis Construction of a Restriction Map Use of Partial Digests end Labelling and Hybridization in Restriction Mapping Construction of Chimeric DNA Cloning of Plasmid Vectors Directional Cloning of DNA Fragments with Heterologus Protruding Termini Adding Poly dA at 3' Ends of DNA Clone Blunt End Ligation by T4 DNA Ligase Cloning in Phage λ and Cosmid Vectors Cloning in phage λ Vectors Cloning in Cosmid Vectors Hosts for Cloning Vectors Bacteria as Hosts Eukaryotes as Hosts Molecular Probes Preparation of Probes Genomic DNA Probes

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Your Ad Here	Molecular Probes Molecular probes are small DNA or RNA segments that recognize complementary sequences in DNA or RNA molecules and thus allow identification and isolation of these specific DNA sequences from an organism. Antibodies are also occasionally used as probes to recognize specific protein sequences. Although, initially, these probes were developed and used for genetic engineering research but are now frequently used for a variety of purposes including diagnosis of infectious diseases, identification of food contaminants, variety of microbiological tests, forensic tests (e.g. fingerprinting of murderers or rapists), etc.
Probes can also be used to identify strains of an organism, e.g. varieties of a crop species (a plant breeder likes to have a quick test to identify his variety to maintain his patent or breeder's right, so that a competitor may not use it in another name leading to infringement of rights). For basic studies in molecular biology laboratories, the molecular probes are frequently used for identification and isolation of genes or related sequences. In theory, any nucleic acid (or rarely protein, e.g. antibody) can be used as a probe, provided it can be labelled to permit identification and quantitation of the hybrid molecules formed between the probe and the sequence to be identified.
In practice, double and single stranded DNAs, mRNA and other RNAs synthesized in vitro are all used as probes. DNA/RNA probe assays are faster and sensitive, so that many conventional diagonistic tests for viruses and bacteria involving culturing of the organism, are being fast replaced by antibody and DNA probe assays. While culture tests can take days or even months, molecular probe assays can be performed within few hours or minutes. Therefore, the use of DNA probes has become today's most sophisticated and sensitive technology for a variety of uses involving biological systems both in basic and applied studies including their commercial use.	Your Ad Here

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c DNA Probes Synthetic Oligonucleotides as Probes RNA Probes or Riboprobes Labelling of Probes Radiolablled Probes Non Radioactive Probes Biotin Labelled Probes Digoxigenin Labelled Probes Alternatives to Biotin and Digoxigenin Labelling Amplification of DNA Probe Signals Techniques Used in Molecular Probing Southern Nothern and Western Blotting Southern Blotting Northern Blotting Western Blotting Dot Blots and Slot Blots Applications of Molecular Probes Construction and Screening of Genomic and cDNA Libraries Genomic Library by Shotgun Experiment cDNA Library from mRNAs Colony or Plaque Hybridization for Screening of Libraries Chromosome Walking and Characterization of Chromosome Segments Chromosome Jumping or Hopping Libraries BAC Libraries and Assembly of BACs into Contigs