Eukaryotes as Hosts, Chromosomes found Nucleus, Genetic Engineering, Eukaryotes Genes, Eukaryotic Cells, RNA Transcribed, DNA Cloning, Cultured Cell

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Your Ad Here	Eukaryotes as hosts Since chromosomes found in the nucleus of eukaryotes are separated from the rest of the cell through nuclear membrane, and since many of the genes are split genes with exons and introns, genetic engineering with eukaryotes required new methods and tools. When eukaryotic genes are cloned in prokaryotes, the split genes can not be correctly expressed, because prokaryotes do not have the equipment necessary for splicing out the RNA transcribed from the introns of a gene.
In view of this, eukaryotic cells may sometimes be needed for cloning and particularly for expression of cloned eukaryotic genes. Among eukaryotes, DNA cloning has been done in cultured cells of yeast, mouse, human and to some extent even in those of some higher plant species. In yeast, a plasmid called 2μ DNA (63bp) is found, which is an appropriate cloning vehicle. Yeast artificial chromosome (Y AC) vectors can also be used for cloning in yeast cells. An efficient transformation method is also available, which involves protoplast production followed by PEG directed introduction of DNA into plant protoplasts.
In animal cells like mouse cells, special animal viruses were used as cloning vehicles. Simian virus 40 (SV 40) is one such virus, in which globin gene could be integrated. This gene integrated in SV 40 could be transcribed and translated in mouse kidney cells. A variety of human cell lines in culture is also used for cloning of foreign DNA, using some animal viruses as vectors.	Your Ad Here