S.No

Levels of organization

Examples

Uses

1

Micromolecules

Steroids, lipids, sugars, vitamins, coenzymes

Drugs, packaging material, food/nutrition, detergents

2

Macromolecules

Proteins (enzymes), nucleic acids, polysaccharides

Catalysis (immobilization), energy sources, reproduction gene therapy, diagnostic kits

3

Organelles

Membranes, plastids, mitochondria,

Separation, energy research

4

Cells

Plant and animal cells, protoplasts

Genetic engineering, bioprocesses, somatic hybrids, cell culture cell fusion

5

Tissues

Plant and animal tissues

Tissue culture, transplantation, production of metabolites

6

Organs and organisms

Plant/animal organs and whole organisms

Organ transplant, embryo transfer, biochemicals, drugs, transgenics