Biological and physical components of some biosensors and their uses.
Biological sensor |
Transduer device (physical sensor) |
Substance or parameter measured |
I. Enzymes |
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Glucose oxidase |
Oxygen electrode |
Glucose |
NADH and dehydrogenase |
Redox electrode |
Ethanol |
Creatinine iminohydrolase |
NH3 field effect transistor (FET) |
Creatinine |
Cholinestase |
Chem FET |
Nerve gas |
Labelled hCG Catalase |
Oxygen electrode |
Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) |
II. Receptors |
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ACH receptor |
Conductimeter |
Nerve gas |
III. Antibodies |
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Antibody to parathion |
Piezoelectric crystal |
Parathion |
Antibody to g-globulin |
Polarized light |
g-globin |
IV. Microbial cells |
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Pseudomonas fluorescens |
Oxygen electrode |
Glucose |
Trichosporon cutaneum |
Oxygen electrode |
B.O.D. |
Azobacteria vinelandi |
NH3 electrode |
Nitrate |
Methylomonas flagella |
Oxygen electrode |
Methane |
Bacillus subtilis |
Oxygen electrode |
Mutagen screening |
Nitrifying bacteria |
Oxygen electrode |
NH3, NO2 |
Brevibacterium lactofermentum |
Oxygen electrode |
Assimilable sugars |
Citrolacter fluendli |
pH electrode |
Cephalosporin |