Characteristics of Root,Regions of Root,Water and Nutrients,Mechanical Support,Aerial parts,Pollen grain,Food-Radish, Dahlia, Sweet Potato

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Morphology of Flowering Plants Morphology of Plants Characteristics of Root Root System Modifications of Root Systems Adventitious Root Roots Modified for Additional Support Roots Modified for Vital Functions Characteristics of Stem Kinds of Bud Modifications of Bud Types of Stems Aerial Modifications of Stem Plant Leafs Shapes of Lamina Leaves Venation Leaves Phyllotaxy Simple and Compound Leaves Functions of Leaves Importance of Studying Leaf Morphology

Home >> Biology >> Morphology and Anatomy of Flowering Plants >> Characteristics of Root

The Root

Root is the first part that comes out from radicle of embryo. The main functions of root are:

[A. shoot system. B. Root system. C. V.S. flower. D. V.S. gynaecium. E. stamen-upper part. F. Pollen grain, G. T.S. fruit.]
(a) absorption of water and nutrients,
(b) fixation of the plant to the soil,
(c) conduction of water and nutrients to aerial parts of plants. Besides this they may get modified to store food, to give mechanical support, to assimilate food etc.

Characteristics of root
1. Root is the descending (geotropic) organ of plant and is usually non-green.
2. It has no distinct nodes and internodes
3. It does not bear leaves and buds.
4. Branches are endogenous in origin.
5. Root tip is protected by root cap.
6. Root bears unicellular root hairs.

Regions of root
A typical root possesses five regions
1. Root cap. It is a cap-like structure at the tip of root. It cover and protects the growing point from injury.
2. Meristematic zone. It lies beyond the root cap. It is the growing point of root and adds up new cells in root.
3. Zone of elongation. The cells of this region are newly formed cells and elongate rapidly. This region brings about an increase in length of root.

4. Root hair zone. Epiblema cells are extended to form numerous unicellular root hairs.

5. Zone of differentiation. In this zone the differentiated cells mature and form epidermis, cortex and vascular bundles. This region bears a number of root hairs. The root hairs absorb water and minerals salts. Above this region, the main axis produces lateral roots.

The primary functions of root have been discussed above. Its additional secondary functions are
(a) Storage of food-Radish, Dahlia, Sweet potato etc.
(b) Additional support-Pandanus, Banyan, Maize etc.
(c) Haustorial roots -Cuscuta.
(d) Respiratory roots-Sonneratia, Rhizophora.
(e) Symbiotic roots-Pea, Gram etc.

Shoot System

Root System	V.S Flower-V.S Gynaecium
Stamens Upper Part	Pollen Grain G.T.S Fruit
Regions of Root Zone of Cell Division	Stereogram of Root Phloem

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Anatomy of Flowering Plants Tissue and Meristematic Tissue Classification of Meristematic Tissue Apical Meristems of Stem and Root Permanent Tissue Simple Permanent Tissue Complex Tissues - Xylem Types of Xylum Complex Tissues - Phloem Classification of Permanent Tissue on Basis of Their Functions Types of Vascular Bundles Anatomy of Monocot Stem - Maize, Primary Structure of Stem Anatomy of Dicotyledonous Stem - Sunflower Stem Secondary Growth in Dicot System Origin and Activity of Cambium Origin and Activity of Cork Cambium Heart Wood and Sap Wood Primary Structure of Monocot Root Primary Structure of Dicot Root Secondary Growth in Dicot Roots Origin and Activity of Vascular Cambium Origin and Activity of Cork Cambiums Internal Structure of Dicot Leaf Internal Structure of Xerophytic Leaf Internal Structure of Monocot Leaf - Isobilateral Leaf