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  Home >>Biology Dictionary >> Hypoglossal Nerve - Hypotonic

Hypertrophy. The excessive growth or development of an organ or tissue.

Hypha. Filament of a fungus thallus. Tubular, increasing in length by growth at its tip and giving rise to new hyphae by lateral branching. Hyphaeo Phycomycetes are usually without cross-walls (non-septate, aspetate). Those of other fungi possess cross-walls (septate) but each cross-wall has a minute central pore through which protoplasmic continuity is maintained along the length of the hypha.

Hypocotyl. Part of seedling stem below cotyledons.

Hypodermis. Layer of cells immediately beneath epidermis of leaves of certain plants, often mechanically strengthened, e.g. pine. Forming an extra protective layer; or forming water storage tissue.

Hypodigm. All the material available to a taxonomist.

Hypogeal. (Of cotyledons) remaining underground when the seed germinated, e.g. broad bean, pea.

Hypoglossal Nerve. Nerve of vertebrate supplying muscles below pharynx, or in aminiotes, tongue. A ventral root Twelfth cranial nerve of amniotes vertebrates and fossil amphibians, but arises from spinal cord in living anamniotes.

Hypophysectomy. The removal of the pituitary gland.

Hypophysis.
(1) (Hypophyseal Pouch) Median ectodermal inpushing of embryonic vertebrate head, just in front of buccal membrance, which fuses with infundibulum. Forming pituitary gland.

(2) Synonymous with pituitary body.

Hypophysis.
(1) (Hypophyseal Pouch) Median ectodermal inpushing of embryonic vertebrate head, just in front of buccal membrance, which fuses with infundibulum. Forming pituitary gland.
(2) Synonymous with pituitary body.

Hupopnea. The decreased ventilation of the lungs.

Hypotasis. Interaction between non-allelic genes in which one (hypostatic) gene will be expressed in presence of a second.

Hypostome. Any structure around or below the mouth such as the oral one in hydra.

Hypothalamous.
Floor and sides of brain of vertebrates just behind attachment of cerebral hemispheres. Derived from fore-brain. In mammals it is to contain centres co-ordinating, amongst other things, manifestation of rage and mechanism of body temperature control, both of which predominantly involve sympathetic nervous system.

The pituitary lies immediately below, and is partly controlled by, the hypothalamus anti-diuretic hormone and oxytocin are probably supplied; to the posterior lobe of the pituitary by the hypothalamus, and the anterior lobe is much influenced by hormones, including specific releasing factors for some of the anterior pituitary hormones secreted by the hypothalamus and carried to the anterior lobes in portal veins.

Hypotonic.  (Of a sodium) having a concentration so that it loses water by osmosis across a semi-permeable membrane to some specified other solution. when the membrane and the other solution are unspecified they are taken to be the plasma membranes and interior of cells respectively.

Hypoxia. The reduction of oxygen levels.

Hzone. The lightest area in the middle of a muscle sarcomere myosin and actin filaments do not overlap.

 

 

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