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  Home >>Biology Dictionary >> Diaphysis - Digitigrade

Diapause. Of some species of insects, period of suspended development or growth, accompanied by greatly decreased metabolism. Often correlated with seasons e.g. it may be hibernation.

Diapedesis. The passage of blood cells through the unrupturned wall of a blood vessels by changing in shape.

Diaphragm. The muscular membrane that divides the thorax (chest) from the abdomen in mammals. It plays an essential role in breathing (see respiratory movement), being depressed during inhalation and raised during exhalation.

Diaphysis. Shaft of a long limb-bone, or central portion of a vertebra, in mammals.

Diarrhea. Increased frequency of bowl movements, the stool tending to be liquid.

Diastase. An enzyme complex (about 5) which breaks down starch to glucose.

Diastole. Phase of heart-beat when heart muscle relaxes, and heart refills with blood from veins; or of contractile vacuole when it refills with fluid.

Diatoms. Bacillariophyta.

Dicarboxylicacid. An organic acid containing too carboxyl (CooH) groups.

Dichasium. Kind of inflorescence.

Dichlamydeous.
Having too whorls on the Perianth segments of flowers.

Diochogamy. The maturation of anthers and ovules in a flower at different times.

Didelphia. Marsupialia.

Didymous.
Of plant structures) formed of two similar parts which are attached at some point.

Didynamous. (Of stamens), four in number in two pairs those of one pair longer than those of the other, e.g. foxglove.

Differentiation.
Process of change, structural and functional, in cells, tissues or organs during development (embryonic, regenerative or other) resulting in the appearance, where they were previously lacking, of the structures and functions that characterize the different kinds of cells, tissues or organs in different part of an adult, or of the organism at some other relatively stable phase of its life history. Before the process the cells, etc. are termed undifferentiated; after it they are differentiated. Charge in the reverse direction is redifferentiation.

Diffusion Pressure Deficit.  Net capacity of plant cell to absorb water; can be expressed by the equation.

DPD = (P1-Po)T
Where P1 is osmotic pressure of vacuole solution, P0 that of solution outside cell and T the turgor pressure.

Digenea. A subclass or order of trematodes containing the liver Flukes.

Digestion. Breakdown of complex foodstuffs by enzymes to simpler compounds which can be incorporated into metabolism. In many animals it is extracellular, i.e. enzymes are secreted into gut cavity, in which digestion takes palce, e.g. vertebrates arthropods; in others it is wholly or partly intracellular, the cell of the gut phagocytosing solid food particles, e.g. coelenterates, lamellibranches.

Digit. Finger or toe of pentadactyl limb. Contains phalanges.

Digitigrade.
Walking on toes, not on whole foot; i.e on ventral surface of digits only e.g. cat, dog.

Dilute. To make a substance less concentrated by the addition of water.

Dimictic Lake. A lake that has tow annual periods of free mixing of water.

Dimorphism. Existing in two forms e.g. submerged and aerial leaves of water crowfoot; male and female individuals in animals.

Dimornithdae. The moas, large, extinct flightless birds (taller than 3m) of New Zealand, that probably were hunted to death by humans.

Dinosaur.
Fossil reptile belonging to one of the two orders Saurischia and Ornithischia, into which the old order Dinosauria is now split.

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