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Home >>Biology Dictionary >> Cardinal Veins - Carotenoid


Carbon cycle.
World-wide circulation of carbon atoms brought about mainly by living things. Essentially, carbon from carbon dioxide is built into complex organic compounds by plants during photosynthesis. These compounds are than broken down again to carbon dioxide during respiration and by decay produced by bacteria and fungi after death or the plants are eaten by herbivorous animals which in turn may be eaten by carnivores (see Food chain) and the carbon compounds are sooner or later broken down to carbon dioxide by respiration or death and decay of the animals.

Carbon monoxide. A colourless odourless gas formed by the incomplete oxidation of carbon poisonous to animals.

Carcinogenic. These are the cancer causing factors.

Carcerulus.
It refers to a fruit that develops from polycarpellary syncarpous. Superior ovary having axile placentation where in the mature fruit becomes divided into the seeded compartments for dispersal e.g.Althea.

Carcinogen.
Producer of cancer, e.g. certain hydrocarbons which produce local cancer when injected into, or painted repeatedly on susceptible animals.

Cardiac. Concerning the heart. C. cycle succession of muscular contractions, and movement of heart valves which make up region of stomach joined to oesophagus. C. muscle, the special kind of muscle of the heart. Wall, consisting of separate but linked cells containing cross-striated flbrils. Undergoes automatic rhythmical contractions.

Cardinal veins. Main longitudinal veins, one on each side, returning blood from most of the body to ducti Cuvieri(q.v.) and thence to heart, in fish and embryos of tetrapods. Anterior cardinals (jugulars) are in front of ducti Cuvieri, posterior cardinals are behind. See Vena cave inferior.

Carina. Keel birds, well developed in modern flying birds but reduced in flightless birds as ostrich.

Carinates. Living birds other than reptiles. Most of them are capable of flight, with well-developed wings, barbules on feathers and keel (carina) on sternum for attachment of wing mucles. The term is not now commonly used in classification of birds.

Carnassial Tooth. Molar or premolar, modified for shearing flesh. In many Carnivora (e.g. dog, cat), lower first molar and upper last premolar.


Carnivora.
Order of placental mammals containing flesh-eating forms (cats, wolves, bears, seals). Most members of the order (but not seals) have well-developed incisor and canine teeth and usually a pair of carnassial teeth on each side. Possess claws, often retractila.

Carnivore.
Flesh-eater. In narrower sense, member of order Carnivore.

Carotene
Carotenoid plant pigment

Carotenoid. Any of group of yellow, orange, red, or brown plant pigments chemically related to terpenes. Carotenoids are responsible for the characteristic colour of many plant organs, such as ripe tomatoes, carrots, and autumn leaves. They also function in the light reactions of photosynthesis.

Carotid Artery. Main artery supplying blood from heart to head of vertebrates. One on each side.

Carotid Body.
A vascular structure in carotid artery close to carotid sinus, containing sensory nerve endings responding to oxygen and carbon dioxide content of blood, producing reflex changes in respiration.

Carotid Sinus. Small swelling in carotid artery containing sensory nerve endings responding to blood pressure, producing reflex adjustments of circulation.

Carpal. It is the innermost floral leaf forming female reproductive part of flower, the gynoecium. It is made up of ovary style and stigma.

Carpal bones. The small bones of the wrist in man and the similar group in the forelegs of animals.

Carpogonium. Female sex organ of red algae. Consists of swollen basal portion containing the egg and an elongated terminal projection (trichogyne) which receives the male gamete.

Carpospore. Spore produced after reproduction in red algae; borne at end of outgrowth of fertilized carpogonium.

Carpus
Region of fore-leg of tetrapod vertebrates containing carpal bones; roughly the wrist.

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