Dictionary,Defintion,Meaning,What is Barrington's Reflex, Basidium, Baro-receptor, Barr body, Basal body, Basal lamina, Basement Membrane, Base Pairing

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Home >>Biology Dictionary >> Barrington's Reflex - Basidium

	Bark. The protective layer of mostly dead cells that covers the outside woody stems and roots of woody plants, e.g. tree trunks, produced by activity of cork cambium. Bark may consist of cork only, or, when other layers of cork are formed at successively deeper levels, it may consist of alternating layers of cork and dead cortex or phloem tissue (which it is known as rhytidome). Popularly regarded as everything outside the wood. Baro-receptor. Receptor for hydrostatic pressure. Internal receptors in vertebrates control blood volume. Barr body. A structure consisting of a condensed X chromosome (see sex chromosome) that is found in non dividing nuclei of female mammals. The presence of a Barr body is used to confirm the sex of athletes in sex determination tests. It is named after the Canadian anatomist M.L. Barr who identified it in 1949.
Barrier. Refers to a geographical or some other physical factor which prevents the spread of a species beyond a particular region. Barrington’s reflex. Refers to the reflexes which are involved in the process of micturition (passing out of urine). Basal body. See Centriole. Basal lamina. Thin layer about 500-1000 Angstrom units thick of collagen-like protein secreted by epithelial and some other cells, visible by electron microscopy close to the cell surface on the basal side of epithelia. Base. Refers to any substance that produces hydroxyl (OH) ions in solution.
Basement membrane. Delicate intercellular membrane, visible in light microscope, which underlies most animal epithelia. Besides the basal lamina, it consists of mucopoly-saccharide and very fine (reticulin) fibres. Base pairing. Two strands of nucleic acid, RNA or DNA, can associate laterally by bonds between specific pairs of the bases contained in their nucleotides. Adonine in one strand will link (by hydrogen bonding) to thymine (in DNA) or uracil (in RNA) in the other; and guanine to cytosine. DNA usually consists of two associated complementary strands(coiled together into a helix) the arrangement of their nucleotides permitting such base pairing throughout. Base ratio. In DNA, the amount of adenine (A) and thymine (T) (which are paired, see Base pairing) equals the amount of guanine (G) and cytosine (C) and (also paired). But the ratio of the amount of A plus T to that of G plus C, which is the base ratio varies widely.
Basidiocarp. It refers to the fruiting body of basidiomycetes fungi. Basidiomycetes. A class of fungi in which sexual reproduction is by means of basidiospores (spores produced externally on a club-shaped or cylindrical cell, the basidium). Basidia are often grouped together forming fruiting structures, such as mushrooms, puffballs, and bracket fungi. Exceptions are the rusts and smuts, which do not produce obvious fruiting bodies. Basidium. In Basidiomycete fungi cell in which fusion of haploid nuclei occurs during sexual reproduction, followed by meiosis and formation of, usually, four haploid basidiospores. Club-shaped or cylindrical cell, or divided into four cells, spores borne externally on minute stalks (sterigmata).
	Basifixed. An anchor which is joined to filament at its base. Basipetal. (Bot. of organs). Development in succession towards the base, oldest at the apex, youngest at base. Also used in reference to direction of transport of substances within a plant, i.e. away from apex. Basophil. A blood white cell whose granules can be stained with basic dyes. They may be phagocytic in nature. Bat. A flying mammal that belongs to older chiroptera. Its wings are formed of folds of skin, potagia, stretching between elongated digits of fore limbs, sides of body and hind limbs.

Batrachia. Amphibia.

Beaded roots. These roots possess swollen regions at frequent intervals e.g. portulaca mamordica, etc.

Beak. A long pointed or flat protuberance in birds for ingestion of food. The beak of birds is also called the Bill.

Benthos. Those animals and plants living on the bottom of sea or lake (crawling or burrowing there; or may be attached, e.g. seaweeds and sessile animals), from high water mark down to the deepest levels. The benthos is divided into littoral organisms (down to 200 metres deep) and deep water organism.

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