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Home >> Dictionary of Bioinformatics, Biochemistry, Biotechnology >> Genetic Drift - Genome Survey Sequences (GSS)
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Genetic counselling
counselling patients and their families by providing information about a genetic disease to enable them to make informed decisions.
Genetic discrimination
Bias against those who have a genetic disease or have genetic particular disease.
Genetic disease
A disease hat originates as a result of changes in the genetic material. Generally refers to diseases that are inherited in a Mendelian fashion, although noninherited forms may also arise due to DNA mutation.
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Genetic diversity
The heritable variation seen within and among populations which is generated, increased or maintained by evolutionary forces. See biodiversity; mutation; genetic drift.
Genetic drift
Change in allele frequency from one generation to another within a population. This is attributed to the sampling of infinite numbers of genes that is inevitable in all real (finite) populations. The genetic drift is greater, smaller the population. Eventually, depending on the size of the population, genetic variation. Minimising genetic drift is therefore important in the context of conversion of genetic resources. See genetic diversity.
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Genetic equilibrium
A condition in a group of interbreeding organisms in which the allele frequencies remain constant over time.
Genetic fingerprinting
A method for the identification of bands from hypervariable regions of DNA. The pattern of bands is unique for an individual and can be used to establish identity.
Genetic heterogeneity
The state or condition of a population in which different mutant genes give rise to the same phenotype. Also called heterogeneity.
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Genetic immunisation
The delivery of a cloned gene that specifies an antigen to a host organism. Expression of the cloned gene elicits an antibody response that protects the organism from infection by a virus, bacterium or other disease-causing organism.
Genetic information
The hereditary information contained in a sequence of DNA or RNA.
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Genetic marker
A DNA sequence that is used to track a specific locus on a particular chromosome. See marker.
Genetic modification
A number of techniques including selective breeding, mutagenesis, transposon insertions and recombinant DNA technology, that are used perform new function or block the production of substances.
Genetic mutation
An inheritable change in DNA or RNA that leads to a change in the structure, sequence or function of a gene.
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Genetic instability
The probability of a specific gene or a genome to change with generations. This may result from expansion of microsatellite repeats, microsatellite instability and loss or gain or chromosomes.
Genetic linkage
See linkage map; linkage
Genetic map
The linear array of genes and DNA sequences on a chromosomes that is based on recombination frequencies. Also known as a linkage map.
Genetic engineering
Changes in the genetic constitution of cells that result from the insertion, removal or manipulation of specific genes by recombinant DNA technology. This is based on the use of vectors for the transfer of genes or a DNA sequence from a donor organism into a host cell or organism for cloning. See gene cloning. Genetic engineering also encompasses selective breeding and other methods of artificial selection.
Genetic mosaic
An organism in which different cells contain different genetic sequence that may have resulted from a developmental mutation or fusion or embryos at an early stage.
Genetic polymorphism
See polymorphism
Genetic predisposition
The susceptibility to disease that is related to a genetic predisposition mutation, which may or may not result in actual developmental of the disease.
Genetic producing activation therapy (GPAT)
An anticancer strategy in which a gene encoding a prodrug metabolizing enzyme linked to the c-erbB2 promoter is allowed to be overexpressed in tumor cells.
Genetic resources conservation
See gene conservation.
Genetic screen
A search through a vest collection of mutants for a mutant with a particular phenotype.
Genetic screening
The use of a specific biological test to screen for inherited disease or medical conditions. Prenatal test can detest metabolic defects and congenital disorders in the developing foetus as well as postnatally to screen for carriers of heritable disease.
Genetic selection
The process of selecting genes, cells, clones, etc., within populations or between populations or species. This generally yields differential success rates for different genotypes. reflecting many variable, including selection pressure and genetic variability in populations.
Genetic Switch
The control of transcription in response to specific singles.
Genetic testing
Analysis of the genetic material to detect predisposition of an individual to a disease or to confirm diagnosis of a genetic disease.
Genetic trait control technology
A version of gene protection technology, Also called ‘traitor technology’.
Genetic transformation
The transfer of extracellular DNA among and between species through bacterial ir viral vectors.
Genetic use restriction technology (GURT)
See gene protection technology.
Genetic variation
Differences between individuals that can be attributed to differences in genotypes.
Genetically engineered organism (GEO)
See genetically modified organism.
Genetically modified organism (GMO)
An organism that has been modified by recombinant DNA technology. Also called genetically engineered organism.
Genetics
The science of heredity and variation.
Genic DNA
DNA that is expressed. This is further classified into mDNA (protein coding), rDNA, tDNA, snDNA etc. that represent the different classes of gene product.
Genoceuticals
A type of gene therapy in which a gene placed into a cell produces a pharmaceutically active protein.
Genome
1. The complete complement of genetic material consisting of genes as well as noncoding sequences present in each cell of an organism, or in a virus or organelle. 2. A complete set of chromosome inherited as a haploid unit from one parent.
Genome project
Research and technology development effort aimed at mapping and sequencing the genome of human beings and select organism.
Genome Survey Sequences (GSS)
A division of DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank that contains sequences that are genomic in origin. These include ‘single-pass read’ genome survey sequences, ‘single-pass reads’ from cosmid /BAC/YAC ends among several others.
Genomes Online Database (Gold)
A database with links to genomic databases and progress reports on genome projects.
Genomic (chromosomal) clones
DNA sequences of the genome that are carried by a cloning vector.
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