|
Home >> Dictionary of Bioinformatics, Biochemistry, Biotechnology >> Consensus Sequence - Coombs Reaction
|
|
Connective tissue
A supporting tissue that lies between other tissues that includes bone, cartilage and loose connective tissue. It consists of cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix.
Connexin
A four-pass transmembrane protein present in gap junctions. Six connexins assemble to form a connexon.
Connexon
Water-filled pore in the plasma membrane that is formed by a ring of six protein subunits. It forms part of a gap junction. Connexons from two adjoining cells join to form a channel between the two cells.
Consanguinity
Related by descent from a common ancestor.
|
Conservation
Changes at a specific position of an amino acid or DNA sequence that preserve the physicochemical properties of the original residue.
Conservative replication
A disproved model of replication in which the parental DNA remains unchanged and is passed on to one of the daughter cells, while the other daughter cell received the newly synthesized DNA.
Conservative substitution
Replacement of one amino acid residue in a polypeptide by another residue with similar properties. For example, substitution of asparagine by glutamine.
|
Conserved Sequence
A base in a DNA molecule (or amino acid sequence in protein) that has remained unchanged throughout the course of evolution.
Constant Domains
The region of immunoglobulin molecules that have the same sequence of amino acids in different members of a particular class of immunoglobulins.
Constant region (C region)
The invariant carboxyl-terminal portion of an antibody molecule. This region is distinct from the variable region present at the amino-terminal of the chain.
Constitutive
An organism is said to be constitutive for the production of a protein or an enzyme if it produces that protein or enzyme under all physiological conditions. See inducible gene.
|
|
Constitutive heterochromatin
The inert state of permanently repressed sequences in DNA such as satellite DNA.
Constitutive mutations
Mutations that enable genes that are regulated to be expressed without regulations.
Constitutive Promoter
An unregulated promoter that permits continual transcription of the gene associated with it. See
promoter.
Constitutive Synthesis
Continual Production of RNA or protein by an organism.
|
|
|
Contamination
Growth of undesirable organisms in culture or PCR.
Content
In gene prediction, refers to an extended and variable region of DNA sequence that has no particular motifs but contains certain conserved characteristics.
Contig
1. A set of cloned DNA fragments represents overlapping regions of a particular chromosome. 2. A composite DNA sequence reconstructed from a number of small overlapping sequences during genome mapping.
Contig map
A map showing the order of a linked library of small overlapping clones that represent a complete chromosomal segment.
|
Conservative transposition
Transposition which leaves a gap in the donor site which may be lost if not repaired. Also called simple transposition.
Conserved
Similar in structure and function
Contact inhibition
The property of normal animal cell in culture to stop dividing once they form a monolayer on the surfaces of the growth medium.
Contaminant
Refers to bacterial, fungal or algal microorganisms that are accidentally introduced into a culture or culture medium. Contaminants may overgrow cells in culture and inhibit their growth.
Constitutive genes
Genes whose products are produced in constant rates and constant amounts irrespective of the metabolic state of the organism. The products of these genes provide the basic functions required for survival of all cell types. Also called housekeeping genes.
Continuous Culture
A suspension culture that is continuously supplied with nutrients by the addition or fresh medium.
Consensus sequence
Idealised sequence in which each position represents that base most often found when many sequences are compared.
Continuous fermentation
A process in which cells or microorganisms are maintained in culture in the exponential growth phase by continuous addition of fresh medium that is exactly balanced by the removal of cell suspension from the bioreactor. See continuous culture.
Continuously fed stirred tank reactor (CSTR)
A bioreactor in which fresh substrate is continuously fed in and an equal volume of contents is removed. This dilutes the incoming material and is useful in waste treatment.
Contour length
The length of a helical polymer as measured along the molecules helical axis.
Contractile ring
A ring of actin filaments found around the equator at the end of mitosis. It is responsible for separating the two daughter cells.
Control
1. Unaltered (standard) protocol or treatment used for comparison with the experimental treatment. The term is commonly used for untreated organisms.
Controlled Environment
The environment in which parameters, such as light, temperature, relative humidity and partial gas pressure are controlled.
Controlling elements
In eukaryotes, transposable elements that control the activity of genes. These may be autonomous or nonautonomous. A controlling element may inhibit the activity of a gene by becoming integrated in, or close to, that gene. Sometimes, it may be excised from this site thereby restoring the activity of the gene, while the element may become reintegrated elsewhere in the genome where it may affect the activity of another gene. For example, in maize, a controlling element (Ac or Ds) influences the expression of a nearby gene. See transposable element.
Convergence
The end-point of any algorithm that used iteration or recursion to guide a series of data processing steps. An algorithm is said to reach convergence when the difference between the computed and observed steps falls below a predefined threshold.
Coomassie brilliant blue
The most commonly used protein stain. It is highly sensitive in the presence of SDS.
Coombs reaction
An immunological test for identifying blood groups. This requires erythrocytes, specific antibodies to antigens on erythrocytes, and anti-antibodies to overcome a natural repulsive by erythrocytes that can mask a positive test.
Cooperative transposition
Transposition in which a segment of intervening DNA is mobilized along with two transposons.
Cooperativity
A phenomenon in which binding of one substituent to a macromolecule influences binding to another substituent in a positive or negative manner. For example cooperative binding of oxygen molecules to haemoglobin.
|
|
