|
Home >> Dictionary of Bioinformatics, Biochemistry, Biotechnology >> Condensing Complex - Conjugative Functions
|
|
Concentrator
The functional combination of a controller and multiplexer that perfumes the job storing as well forwarding the information.
Conceptual biology
The iterative process of analysing existing facts and models available in published literature to generate new hypotheses.
Conceptual translation
The computational process of interpreting the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA via the genetic code to a sequences of amino acids that may or may not code for protein.
Concerted evolution
Refers to the ability of two related genes to evolve together as though constituting a single locus.
|
Condensation
The chemical reaction that results in joining of two molecules coupled with removal of a water molecule. Formation of the peptide bond between amino acids is an example of condensation.
Condensing Complex
A complex of proteins involved in chromosome condensation before mitosis. It is a target for M-Cdk.
Condensing vacuole
A membrane-bound vacuole that arises from the Golgi complex and develops into a secretory granule by progressive loss of water.
Condensins
Proteins that bring about chromosome condensation. They have two identical DNA and ATP-binding domains at one end joined a hinge region at the other end by a long coiled coil. This structure enables them to functions as DNA crosslinks to prepare the replicated chromosomes for mitosis.
Conditional lethal mutations
Mutations that kill a cell or virus under certain nonpermissive conditions but permit survival under permissive conditions. e.g., temperature-sensitive mutations.
|
Conditional mutation
A mutation expressed only under certain conditions and defines essential genes because mutations in essential functions are lethal. Conditional mutations permit survival of the organism at permissive temperatures.
A temperature sensitive mutations encoding a protein functional at permissive temperatures (37°C) will not be functional at nonpermissive temperatures (45°C).
Conditioning
1. The effects of external agents on phenotypic traits during critical stages of development
2. The interaction between tissues and culture medium that results in the growth of single cells or small aggregates. Conditioning may be achieved by immersing cells or callus present within a porous material (such as dialysis tubing) into fresh medium for a period dependent on cell density and a volume related to the amount of fresh medium.
|
|
Confocal microscope
A type of light microscope that uses a laser beam as a source of illumination and produces a clear image of a given plane within a solid object by scanning across the plane to generate a two-dimensional optical section.
Conformation
The spatial arrangement of atoms in molecule determined by rotation around covalent bonds. The conformation can be altered by rotating groups around single bonds.
β-conformation
See beta confirmation.
Conformational epitope
An epitope that is dependent on protein folding. The amino acid residues present in the antibody binding site are usually located at sites in the primary sequence of the protein which are at a considerable distance from each other. Most of the B-cell epitopes are conformational.
|
|
|
Congenic mice
Mice that have been bred to differ at only one MHC gene.
Congenital
Present at birth. Generally used to describe genetic abnormalities.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
A condition caused by specific enzyme deficiencies in the pathway of steroid hormone biosynthesis. The most common enzyme defect is that C-21 hydroxylase which results in virilisation of female infants and cortisol deficiency with or without salt-losing tendency. A partial deficiency of the enzyme presents during early adulthood with hirsutism, amenorrhoea and infertility. Since the enzyme deficiency is incomplete, low levels f cortisol are maintained by increased ACTH secretion from the pituitary.
|
This causes hyperplasia of the adrenal glands. As a result of the enzyme block, there is accumulation of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, the substrate of the enzyme with increased formation of adrenal androgens. Complete deficiency presents soon after birth with life-threatening salt-losing state due to low levels of cortisol and aldosterone. High levels of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone in the plasma two days after birth is useful in diagnosis. Treatment involves administration of cortisol or glucocorticoid analogues that inhibit ACTH secretion by negative feedback, thereby suppressing androgen production.
Configuration
1. Stereochemical arrangements of atoms in a molecule. The configuration cannot be changed without breaking or reforming covalent bonds
2. In software, refers to the complete ordering and description of all parts of a software or database system Configuration management refers to the use of software to identify, inventory and maintain the component modules that together comprise one or more systems or products.
Concordance
Identity of matched pairs or groups for a given trait.
Congenital erythropoietic porphyria
An autosomal recessive disorder characterised by deficiency of uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase. Due to the enzyme defect, aminolaevulinate (ALA) synthase activity is induced in erythropoietic tissues resulting in overproduction pf ALA, porphobilinogen (PBG) and the unphysiologic type I pophyrinogens.
Congenital hypothyroidism
See cretinism
Congenital malformation
Birth defects
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
A condition in which the heart loses the ability to pump blood efficiently. The clinical symptoms include oedema, shortness of breath, weakness and exercise intolerance.
Conidiophore
A specialised fungal structure that bears the spores of conidia.
Conjugate acid-base pair
A proton donor and its corresponding proton acceptor. For example, acetic (donor) a acetate (acceptor).
Conjugate redox pair
An electron donor and its corresponding electron acceptor For example, Fe2+, (donor) and Fe3+ (acceptor).
Conjugated protein
A protein containing one or more prosthetic groups.
Conjugation
1. The union of sex cells (gametes) or unicellular organisms during fertilisation.
2. The unidirectional transfer of DNA (bacterial plasmid) from a ‘male’ donor bacterium to ‘female’ recipient by cell-to-cell contact. The plasmid generally encodes most of the functions necessary for its own transfer.
3. The covalent attachment of glucuronate or sulphate to molecules such as bilirubin to facilitate excretion, is an example of chemical conjugation.
Conjugative functions
Facilitations of plasmid transfer from one bacterium to another by plasmid-based genes and their products.
Conjugative plasmids
Plasmids that have functional transfer and mobility regions (tra+ mob+) and transfer DNA from donor of the conjuctiva.
Conn’s syndrome (primary aldosteronism)
A condition characterised by excessive production of aldosterone due to adrenal adenoma or bilateral hypertrophy of the cells of the zona glamerulosa.
|
|
