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Home >> Dictionary of Bioinformatics, Biochemistry, Biotechnology >> Cis/Trans Test - Cleavage Polyadenylation Specificity Factor (CPSF)

Cis face
That portion of the Golgi complex that is oriented toward the rough endoplasmic reticulum. It is also called the forming face. See Golgi apparatus

Cis Golgi network (CGN)
A network of interconnected cisternae and tubules that receives vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum and transport material to the cis face of the Golgi apparatus.

Cis heterozygote
A heterozygote that consists of two mutations arranged in a cis configuration (e.g., a + b +/ab)

Cis/trans test
A test assays the effect of relative configuration on the expressions of two mutations. In a double heterozygote, two mutations in he same gene show mutant phenotype in trans configuration with wild type in cis configuration.

Cisplatin
 A positively charged platinum complex that forms interstrand crosslinks with DNA.  It is used in combination with other anticancer agents.

Cisterna
 (pl. cisternae). A flattened membrane-bound compartment found in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex.

Cistron
A DNA sequence that codes for a specific polypeptide; a gene. See DNA; gene.

 Citric acid
 An organic acid containing three carboxyl groups. it is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle or krebs cycle that is responsible for the complete oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water.

Citric acid cycle
A cycle biochemical pathway for the enzymatic oxidation of acetyl CoA to carbon dioxide with release of the reducing equivalents NADH and FADH2. The reducing equivalents are oxidised to water by the respiratory chain coupled to ATP generation by oxidative phosphorylation. Formation of citrate is the first step in the cycle.

Citric Acid Cycle

Citric

This cycle occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotes and cytosol of prokaryotes. The cycle is amphibolic and takes part in gluconeogenesis, deamination, transamination and fatty acid synthesis. Also called tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.

Cisplatin

Cisplatin


Ckl
See Cdk inhibitor protein.

Cladogram
 A dendrogram in which each node has two branches that represent evolutionary history as speciation by bifurcation of the evolutionary lineage.

Claims
The section of a patent that states, in detail, the uses and possible applications of the invention described in the patent.

Classical Cadherins
 The most widely expressed Cadherins. They are named according to the tissue in which they were first discovered. For example, E-cadherin is found in the epithelium, N-cadherin in the neurons, and P-cadherin in placenta.

Classical pathway
A pathway for activating the complement system initiated by lgG or lgM antibodies bound to the surface of a microbe. It proceeds via C1, C4 and C2.

Clastogen
An agent that induces chromosomes breaks.

Clathrin
A protein that assembles into a polyhedral cage on the cytosolic side of a membrane in order to from a clathrin-coated pit that buds off by endocytosis to generate an intracellular clathrin-coated vesicle.

Class I MHC molecule
A class of MHC molecule found on all cell types that present viral peptides on the surface of viral-infected cells for recognition by cytotoxic T cells

Class I, II and III MHC molecules
 proteins encoded by genes in the major histocompatibility complex important for graft  rejection. Class I molecules are designated HLA-A, B or C class II molecules are designated DP, DQ or DR.

Class II MHC molecule
 A class of MHC molecule found on antigen-presenting cells that presents foreign peptides to helper T cells.

Class switching
A  change in the expression of the constant region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain during differentiation of lymphocytes. As a result, a plasma cell stops producing antibodies of one class and begins producing antibodies of another class.

Claudin
An integral membrane protein present in tight junctions. It contains four membrane-spanning α-helices and associates with intracellular membrane proteins called ZO proteins, which anchor the strands to the chain cytoskeleton.

Cleaning-in-place (CIP)
Cleaning or sterilisation of a manufacturing system without dismantling it. Also called in Situ sterilisation or sterilisation-in-place. This is useful for bioreactor systems.

Clearance
Removal of a substances from the blood by kidneys per unit time. The clearance of substances that are filtered at the glomeruli but neither reabsorbed nor secreted by the tubules can be used as a measure of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Cleavage
1. The breaking of bonds between monomer units of macromolecules such as the cleavage of amino acids from protein. 2. The furrowing of animal cells after mitosis to from two daughter cells. 3. A series of cell divisions during early embryogenesis in animals.

Cleavage divisions
See cleavage

Cleavage  furrows
  See cleavage

Cleavage polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF)
 A specificity component that recognises the polyadenylation site AAUAAA in pre mRNA.

Cleave
To break phosphodiester bonds in nucleic acids. Also to cut or digest DNA with a type II restriction endonuclease. To digest proteins with an enzyme.

Client
 A computer and the software in the computer that interact with another computer at a remote site called the server.

Client-side
 A client-side programme runs with a browser and not remotely at the server. These programmes may need input over the internet but run irrespective of the processor and operating system on the local machine. These are usually Java applets or Java script.
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