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Home >> Dictionary of Bioinformatics, Biochemistry, Biotechnology >> Chelating Agent - Chikungunya
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Charon phage A cloning vector constructed from bacteriophage λ. The term Charon is derived from the ancient Greek myth of the ferryman Charon, who transported the spirits of the dead across the river Styx.
Checkpoint A point in the eukaryotic cell cycle where passage through the cycle can be stopped until conditions are suitable to proceed to the next stage.
Cheese A product of the bacterial fermentation of lactose to lactic acid by the milk-curdling enzyme rennin. After curling milk, the water is drained and the curd is set into a block, dried and allowed to ripen by enzymes.
Cheilosis Fissures and drying of the surface of the lips and angles of the mouth seen in riboflavin deficiency.
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Chelate A complex organic molecule that can combine with cations and does not ionize. Chelates are capable of supplying micronutrients to plants at slow, steady rates. These are generally used to supply iron to plant cells. Chelates such as EDTA are also useful as blood clotting agents.
Chelating agent An organic compound in which atoms form more than one coordinate bond with metals and keep them in solution.
Chemical complexity The amount of a DNA component measured by chemical assay.
Chemical equilibrium The state of a chemical reaction in which the rates of the forward and reveres reactions are equal. In this state, the concentration of all the reactants and products is constant.
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Chemical genomics Refers to the use of structural and functional genomic information about biological molecules, especially proteins in order to identify useful small molecules and alter their structure to improve their efficacy.
Chemical library An ordered collection of chemicals. There are two types of chemical libraries: combinatorial chemistry libraries that are made all at once, and historical libraries that are accumulated with time an are more diverse.
Chemical mutagen A chemical that is capable of causing genetic mutation in living organisms exposed to it.
Chemical shift The shifts in the positions of NMR absorption as compared to the standard reference.
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Chemical space A concept that relates to how similar or different chemicals are. The descriptors used to show similarities or differences between two chemicals include the number of hydrogen atoms, its volume , an presence or absence of a functional group. Chemical space is useful for designing chemical libraries.
Chemically-defined medium A tissue culture medium in which all the chemical components are fully known and defined.
Chemiluminescence The emission of light as a result of a chemical reaction. The phenomenon is used to detect DNA and protein probes in blotting techniques.
Cheminformatics The branch of information technology that deals with chemistry data.
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Chemisomotic coupling The coupling of ATP generation (by oxidative phosphorylation) to an electrochemical potential across a membrane.
Chemisomotic theory A model proposed by Peter Mitchell that explains the coupling of electron transport to oxidative phosphorylation or photophosphorylation. According to this theory, the energy that drives ATP synthesis is stored in a proton gradient across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion or the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. The gradient is formed during electron transport and is relieved by the transport of protons across the membrane.
Chemoautotroph An organism that obtains its energy from the oxidation of chemical bonds, generally the oxidation of inorganic metal ions. The organism can use inorganic carbon or CO2 to synthesise biological molecules.
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Chemokine A small protein that attracts cells such as white blood cells towards it. It plays an important role in the immune system.
Chemoorganotroph A heterotrophic organism that obtains its energy from the oxidation of chemical bonds and requires organic carbon compounds for growth.
Chemoproteemics The use of biological information to guide chemistry. It offers an efficient alternative to small-molecule characterisation that can accelerate drug discovery.
Chemostat A continous and open culture in which the growth rate and cell density are maintained constant by a fixed rate of input of a growth-limiting nutrient.
Chemotaxis The sensing of a specific agent by a cell followed by movement of the cell toward or away from the agent.
Chemotherapy The treatment of disease, particularly infections or cancer, using chemicals (drugs).
Chemotroph An organism that derives its energy by metabolizing organic compounds obtained from other organisms.
Chi sites cis-acting sites recognised and cleaved by the RecBCD enzyme. These are recombination hotspots. There are about 1009 chi sequences dispersed throughout the E. coli genome.
Chi structure The structure generated when the figure eight-shaped molecule, an intermediate formed during recombination between two circular DNA molecules is cut by restriction endonuclease. The structure is so named because it resembles the Greek letter chi.
Chi-squared test (x2 test) A significance test used for statistical assessment of the goodness of fit of observed data to a prediction.
Chiasma (Gr. chiasma, two lines placed crosswise; pl. chiasmata) A site at which two homologous chromosomes have exchanged genetic material during meiosis. Also called crossover.
Chief (peptic) cells A type of cell present in gastric glands. The chief cells secrete pepsinogen suspended in a neutral or slightly alkaline medium containing Na+, CI- and HCO3-.
Chikungunya A disease caused by a arbovirus transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The virus is arthropod-borne and belongs to the family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus. Chikungunya fever was first described in epidemic form in East Africa in 1952-1953 and subsequently seen in Africa, the Indian subcontinent, and Southeast Asia. Epidemics are sustained by human-mosquito-human transmission. Chikungunya fever resembles dengue fever and is characterized by sudden onset, chills and fever headache, nausea, vomiting, arthralgia, and rash. Chikungunya in Swahili means “that which bends up” referring to the stooped posture of patients afficted with the severe arthralgia characteristic of this disease.
Chimaera (chimera) From chimera, a mytological creature with the head of a lion, the body of a goat and the tail of a snake. An organism whose cells are not all derived from the same zygote. The term is used to indicate the following: 1. An animal exhibiting two or more genotypes in patches derived from two or more embryos. 2. An individual derived from two embryos by experimental manipulation
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