Dictionary,Defintion,Meaning,What is Aminocentesis,Amylase,Aminopterin,Ammonotelic,Amnion,Amniotic Fluid,Amoeba

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Dictionary of Bioinformatics, Biotechnology, Biochemistry Dictionary of Bioinformatics, Biotechnology, Biochemistry Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 A DNA - Abundant mRNAs Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) - Acid Excretion Test Acromegaly Acute - Glomerulonephritis Acute Hepatitis - Addisonian Crisis Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) Gene - ADEPT Adsorption Chromatography - Affinity Chromatography Agarose Gel Electrophoresis - Airlift Fermenter Alcohol Fermentation - Algal Biomass Allele Specific Amplification(ASA) - Allosteric Enzyme Alpha Foetoprotein (AFP) - Alternative RNA Splicing Ames Test - Aminoglycoside Antibiotics Aminocentesis - Amylase Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) - Androgen Binding Protein (ABP) Animal Genome (gene) Bank - Anthrax Anticoding Strand - Antimetabolites Antisense DNA - APC syndrome Apoptosome - ARF Protein Artificial Cells -ASO Probe (Allele Specific Oligio) Asymmetric PCR - Augmented Histamine Test

Home >> Dictionary of Bioinformatics, Biochemistry, Biotechnology >> Aminocentesis Amylase

Your Ad Here	Aminopterin (4-aminofolic acid) An antimetabolite of folate useful in the treatment of malignancies. Aminopyrine breath test A test to assess the detoxication function of the liver. The liver metabolises aminopyrine by N-demethylation to give CO₂. The amount of ¹⁴CO₂ formed from [¹⁴C] methyl-labelled aminopyrine is used to assess liver function. In liver cell diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatitis, the amount of ¹⁴CO₂ excreted is decreased. Aminotransferase An enzyme that catalyses transfer of an amino group from an α-amino acid to an α-keto acid (amino transfer reactions). Also called transaminase.
Ammonium sulphate precipitation The first step in protein purification that involves salting out of proteins from cell extracts. Ammonium sulphate promotes hydrophobic interactions and is used to fractionate proteins according to their solubility in the salt solution. Ammonotelic Organisms that excrete nitrogen in the form of ammonia. Amniocentesis Surgical process of aspirating the amniotic fluid by transabdominal or transcervical penetration of the uterus of a pregnant mammal for the diagnosis of some diseases in the foetus. The cells are cultured, and metaphase chromosomes are examined for abnormalities such as those in Down syndrome.
Amphetamine A drug that increases the biological availability of catecholamines by inhibiting tissue reuptake. It is useful as an antidepressant Amphibolic Metabolic pathway used in both anabolism and catabolism. Amphipathic Containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups. Such compounds form micelles in aqueous environment with polar groups in contact with water and nonpolar groups forming a hydrophobic core. Ampholyte A substance that can function either as an acid or a base. Amphoteric Ability to donate and accept protons and function as a acid or a base. Ampicillin (β-lactamase) A semisynthetic β-lactam antibiotic. It is derived from penicillin and prevents bacterial growth by interfering with the synthesis of cell wall. Amplicon A cloned, PCR-amplified DNA sequence.	Your Ad Here
Amplifiable selection Exploitation of a natural phenomenon in which some transformed cell lines undergo repeated replication to generate multiple copies. Methotrexate is generally used to amplify the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene. Amplification 1. Antibiotic treatment that results in an increase in plasmid DNA relative to bacterial (host) DNA. 2. Generation of additional copies of a gene or DNA sequence. Amplification can be seen as homogeneously staining regions (HSR) on chromosomes or as extrachromosomal double minutes. 3. Replication of a gene library. 4. Generation of multiple copies of a DNA segment by PCR. Amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) A PCR technique used for the differential amplification of specific alleles of a gene. The PCR primers are designed so that the 3’ – base contains the specific base change of the allele. This ensures amplification of only targets that hybridise to the primer.
Your Ad Here	Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) A type of DNA marker, produced by digesting genomic DNA with two restriction enzymes to create many DNA fragments. The ends of these fragments, after ligation to specific DNA sequences called adaptors, are amplified by PCR followed by gel electrophoresis and visualization of fragments. The PCR will amplify and fragment whose sequence starts with any of the three-base sequences in the set of primers. AFLPs have the following have the following advantages: easy generation of markers; they provide a means to quantity the extent of genetic diversity within and between populations. Their major disadvantages include :i) they are not specific to any specific locus ii) since they are inherited in a dominant fashion, they cannot be used to distinguish heterozygotes fro homozygotes.

Amplimer A pair of primers that amplify a specific DNA sequence during a PCR.
Amylase A group of enzymes that degrade starch, glycogen and other polysaccharides to generate a mixture of glucose and maltose. While plants contain both a- and b-amylase, animals have only a- amylase.

Amnion The thin membrane lining the fluid-filled sac in which the embryo develops in higher vertebrates, reptiles and birds.
Amniotic fluid The liquid contents of the amniotic sac of higher vertebrates containing embryonic cells (not maternal cells). Both the cells and the fluid are used for prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders.
Amoeba (pl. Amoebae) A genus of free-living protozoans. These organisms are uninucleate, show amoeboid movement and reproduce asexually by binary fission.
AMP See adenosine monophosphate.

Amyloid plaque Aggregates of a peptide called amyloid-beta, that get deposited in the brain in Alzheimer’s disease.
Amyloid protein The protein that forms the core of the characteristic plaques in Alzheimer’s disease. The protein contain 39-43 amino acids and forms insoluble precipitates in solution. Formation of plaques is believed to interrupt neural transmission.
Amyloidosis A rare disease that causes accumulation of amyloid, a protein and starch, in tissues and organs.
Amylolytic The ability to break down starch into sugars.
Amylopectin A polysaccharide containing highly branched chains of glucose molecules. The water-insoluble portion of starch.

Amylopectin

Amylopectin

Amylase A polysaccharide containing linear chains of 100 to 1000 glucose molecules. The water-soluble portion of starch.

Amylose

Amylose

Anabolic A metabolic pathway in which complex molecules are synthesised from smaller precursors. Anabolic pathways require energy.

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Dictionary of Bioinformatics, Biotechnology, Biochemistry Part 4 Part 5 Part 6 Part 7 Autoantibody - Auxin-Cytokinin Ratio Avidin Biotin Mediated Immunoassay Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) - Balanced Lethal System Basal metabolic Rate BMR - Base Sequence Analysis Beer Lambert Law (Bouger-Beer Law) - Bermuda Principle Binary Vector System - Bioaccumulation Biofilms - Biological Containment Biomembrane - BioNome Biotinylated DNA - Biparental Zygotes Bleeding Time - Blot Boyer Herbert - Branching Enzyme Broad Spectrum Antibiotics - Burning Feet Syndrome C Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK1, JNK2) - Calcification Callus Culture - Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) Capture Probe - Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) CARD Domains - Cassette Mutagenesis Catabolite Repression - cDNA Library Cell Ablation - Cell Generation Time Cell Hybridisation - Cellulosome Centrifugation - Chaperone

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