Dictionary,Defintion,Meaning,What is Ames Test,Aminoglycoside Antibiotics,Amethopterin,Amide,Amine,Amino Acid Activation,Amino Acid Analyser

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Dictionary of Bioinformatics, Biotechnology, Biochemistry Dictionary of Bioinformatics, Biotechnology, Biochemistry Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 A DNA - Abundant mRNAs Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) - Acid Excretion Test Acromegaly Acute - Glomerulonephritis Acute Hepatitis - Addisonian Crisis Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) Gene - ADEPT Adsorption Chromatography - Affinity Chromatography Agarose Gel Electrophoresis - Airlift Fermenter Alcohol Fermentation - Algal Biomass Allele Specific Amplification(ASA) - Allosteric Enzyme Alpha Foetoprotein (AFP) - Alternative RNA Splicing Ames Test - Aminoglycoside Antibiotics Aminocentesis - Amylase Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) - Androgen Binding Protein (ABP) Animal Genome (gene) Bank - Anthrax Anticoding Strand - Antimetabolites Antisense DNA - APC syndrome Apoptosome - ARF Protein Artificial Cells -ASO Probe (Allele Specific Oligio) Asymmetric PCR - Augmented Histamine Test

Home >> Dictionary of Bioinformatics, Biochemistry, Biotechnology >> Ames Test Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

Your Ad Here	Ambient temperature Air temperature at a given time and place. Amenorrhoea Absence of abnormal cessation of menses. Ames test The most widely used short-term test for Mutagenicity devised by Bruce Ames. Mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium that are unable to synthesise the essential amino acid histidine (his^-) are used. Exposure of bacteria to a chemical mutagen corrects this defect and converts the bacteria from his^- to his⁺ (back mutation). Because many carcinogens require metabolic activation and since bacteria lack the enzymes system for this activation, liver preparations containing Microsomes known as the S9 fraction are used in conjunction with the Ames test. A vast majority of carcinogens give positive results with the Ames test.
Amethopterin (4-amino 10-methyl folic acid, Methotrexate) An antimetabolite of folate useful in the treatment of leukaemia and other malignancies. Resistance to Methotrexate occurs after prolonged treatment. Methotrexate binds tightly to the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) which catalyses the conversion of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate required for 1-carbon metabolism. Amide (R-C(=O)-NH-R). A bond that connects amino acids in peptides and proteins. Amine (RNH₃). A basic group in proteins. Amino acid analyser An automated machine that determines the amino acid composition of a protein. Amino acid residue The portion of the amino acid that remains after incorporation into a polypeptide chain. Includes the α-carbon and the nitrogen/carbonyl moieties.
Amino acids α-Amino carboxylic acids, the building blocks of proteins. They contain a free amino (NH₂) and a free carboxyl (COOH) group. Based on the R group, amino acids are classified into: polar or hydrophilic (serine, threonine, tyrosine, asparagine and glutamine); nonpolar or hydrophobic (glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, trytophan and cysteine); acidic (aspartate and glutamate) and basic (lysine, arginine, histidine). The sequence of amino acids determines the shape, properties and the biological function of a protein. While plants and many microorganisms can synthesise amino acids from simple inorganic compounds, animals are incapable of synthesizing some of them, which are called essential amino acids. Amino acid sequencer An automated machine that determines the linear sequence of amino acids in a protein chain (i.e. the protein’s primary structure). Amino acid side chain That portion of the amino acid that extends beyond the a-carbon and gives the amino acid its unique chemical character.	Your Ad Here
Amino acid synthesiser An automated instrument capable of synthesizing polypeptide chains by solid phase method. Amino group (NH₂ group). Weakly basic functional group. In aqueous solution, an amino group can accept proton and therefore bears a positive charge. Amino sugars Derivatives of simple sugars that contain an amino (-NH₂) group in place of the hydroxyl groups (-OH) at carbon 2. Two commonly found amino sugars are D-glucosamine, a major component of chitin and D-galactosamine found in cartilage.
Your Ad Here	Amino acid activation Enzymatic esterification of the carboxyl group of an amino acid the 3 – hydroxyl group of its corresponding tRNA. This reaction requires ATP. Amino terminal residue The amino acid residue in a polypeptide chain that has a free α-amino group. It defines the amino terminus of the polypeptide. Aminoaciduria Excessive excretion of amino acids in urine that may be of overflow type or renal type. See overflow aminoaciduria and renal aminoaciduria. Aminoacyl site; A-site One two sites on ribosomes to which the incoming aminoacyl tRNA binds.

Amino Acids

Aminoacyl tRNA A tRNA carrying an amino acid. The amino group of the amino acid is covalently linked to either the 2 or 3 OH group of the adenylate residue in the 3 CCA terminus of tRNA.
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase An enzyme that catalyses the esterification of each amino acid to its specific tRNA molecule.
Aminoglycoside antibiotics A group of antibiotics that include streptomycin and Kanamycin produced by the genus Streptomyces. These antibiotics kill a broad range of bacteria by inhibiting protein synthesis.
Aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) The first committed intermediate in the biosynthesis of haem.
Aminopeptidase An enzyme that cleaves amino acid residues from a protein chain commencing at the N-terminal,
2-Aminopurine A purine derivative and a mutagen that gets incorporated into DNA in place of adenine.

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Dictionary of Bioinformatics, Biotechnology, Biochemistry Part 4 Part 5 Part 6 Part 7 Autoantibody - Auxin-Cytokinin Ratio Avidin Biotin Mediated Immunoassay Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) - Balanced Lethal System Basal metabolic Rate BMR - Base Sequence Analysis Beer Lambert Law (Bouger-Beer Law) - Bermuda Principle Binary Vector System - Bioaccumulation Biofilms - Biological Containment Biomembrane - BioNome Biotinylated DNA - Biparental Zygotes Bleeding Time - Blot Boyer Herbert - Branching Enzyme Broad Spectrum Antibiotics - Burning Feet Syndrome C Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK1, JNK2) - Calcification Callus Culture - Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) Capture Probe - Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) CARD Domains - Cassette Mutagenesis Catabolite Repression - cDNA Library Cell Ablation - Cell Generation Time Cell Hybridisation - Cellulosome Centrifugation - Chaperone