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  Home >>Agriculture Dictionary >> Horticulture - Hypsometer

Horticulture - In strict terms the scientific cultivation of fruit, vegetables, flowers and shrubs. Also used to describe the commercial production of such crops, some on general farms, but mostly on specialised holdings where soil, climate, skilled labour and irrigation can produce maximum yields of high-quality crops and where access to markets or good roads enable their sale at economical prices. Most horticultural enterprises have increasing output per unit area with the help of cultivation and environmental control, and the widespread use of machinery. On some farms the shortage and high cost of labour have led to the introduction of 'pick your own' harvesting for direct sales to consumers.

Host Indexing - Refers to a procedure which is used to determine whether a given organism (Plant or animal or microbe) is a carrier of a virus disease. Material is taken from that organism an transferred to another that will develop characteristic symptoms if affected by the virus disease in question.

Host Range - Various kinds of plants or animals which could be affected by a given pathogen.

Huller - A mobile machine which operates like a threshing Machine and is used to separate the seed from the head of clovers, etc.

Humectant - Substance that is able to absorb moisture. It is used for maintaining the water content of products like tobacco, glue, films, dentifixices, cosmetics, baking products, leather, soaps and textiles.

Humidity Mixing Ratio - Defined as the amount of water vapour in grams mixed with one kilogram of dry air. Common values are in the order of 4-30 gm per kg. For each temperature there is a corresponding saturated humidity mixing ratio.

Humification - The term used for the process of decomposition of organic matter leading to the formation of humus.

Humus - Decomposed and partly decomposed Organic Matter in the soil derived from plant and animal remains as a result mainly of bacterial action, giving a dark colour to the upper Soil Horizons. Humus has colloidal properties and plays an important role in Cation Exchange, and assists in giving Crumb structure to soil.

Humus-nucleus - A stable complex of Lignin and Protein derived from decaying plant remains, present in the soil.

Hungry Soil - One requiring plentiful supplies of fertilizer to produce good crops, due to lack of organic matter and relative infertility. (Sandy Soils).

Hurdle - A mobile wooden or metal frame used for temporary fencing, particulary for sheep.

Husbandry - The economic management of a farm.

Husk - 1. The dry, thin, outer covering of certain fruits and seeds, e.g., the Glumes of cereal seeds.
2. A disease of cattle and sheep due to parasitic nematode worms, and typified by a husky cough and, when severe, difficult breathing.

Hybrid -  The offspring of parents of different species, varieties or breeds of plants or animals. They may be fertile or sterile. The likelihood of sterility is increased the greater the difference between the Genotypes of the parents, due to the increase chance of imperfect Chromosome pairing.

Hybrid Vigour -. Qualities in a Hybrid not present in either parent, e.g.,
increased hardines, improved growth rate.

Hydrated Lime - Calcium Hydroxide.

Hydroponics - The growing of plants (e.g., tomatoes) in nutrient solution without soil.

Hyena Disease- An irreversible wasting condition of the hind-quarters in dairy heifers. The disease has not yet been recognized in Britain but is well known in France and the Low Countries.

Hygiene - Science of health and its preservation.

Hygrograph - Instrument which is used for recording automatically and continuously the variations of the relative humidity of the atmosphere.

Hypervitaminosis - Undesirable effects which are produced by taking an excess of a vitamin concentrate or pure vitamin.

Hypodermic - injection. Administration of a liquid remedy by injection into the subcutaneous connective tissues.

Hypsometer - Instrument which measures altitude.


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