Gantry - An annex to an oast normally with a slatted floor for ventilation, in which green hops are stored in pokes while the kilns are reloaded. Also called green stage.

Gapes - A disease mainly of young chickens and turkeys due to small worms in the windpipe, causing birds to gasp for breath or 'gape'.

Garget - 1. See Mastitis.
2. A swelling in the throat of cattle and pigs.

Gas Chromatograph - Instrument which is used in gas chromatography to detect the presence of valatile compounds.

Gas Chromatography - Separation technique which involves passage of gaseous moving phase through a column containing a fixed adsorbent phase.

Gastrectomy - The term used for the surgical removal of part or all of the stomach.

Gas Liquor - Ammonia.

Gas Store - 1. A sealed store in which fruit, particularly apples, are kept under controlled atmospheric conditions. Temperature is kept low, and the atmospheric levels of nitrogen and oxygen increased and decreased, respectively, in order to reduce cellular respiration so as to retard the rate of maturing and to preserve the fruit.
2. Sometimes applied to a gas-tight cold store in which fruit, particularly apples, are preserved by low temperature and accumulating carbon dioxide released by the fruit during respiration.

Gathering - A method of systematic ploughing in which the tractor and plough are turned to the right each time they come out or go into work, so that already ploughed land is circled in a clockwise direction. Usually carried out alternatively with casting when ploughing marked lands in a field.

Gauge Wheel (Plough) - Small wheel which is needed for the control   of the plough which is having short beam.

Gavage - The force feeding of poultry, usually with the aid of a stomach tube. Also called cramming.

Geiger Counter - By popular usage a Geiger Muller counter tube or such as tube together with its associated electronic equipment.

Gelatin - Protein which is extracted from skin, hair, bones, tendons etc. It is used in culture media for the determination of a specific proteolytic activity of microorganisms or for the preparation of a peptone.

Geld - To castrate (Castration), especially a horse.

Gelding - A castrated male horse.

Geletinase - Exoenzyme which degrades gelatin.

Genetic Effect of Radiation -Inheritable changes which are chiefly mutations and produced by the absorption of ionizing radiations. On the basis of present knowledge these effects have been purely additive, and there occurs no recovery.

Genetic Map - Arrangement of mutable sites on a chromosome which has been deduced from genetic recombination experiments.

Genetic Sterility - Type of male sterility which has been conditioned by nuclear genes in contrast to cytoplasmic sterility. It may be transmitted by either the male or female parent.

Genetic Stock Collection - Stock having known genes, translocations, inversions, additions or substitutions, and lines with resistance or tolerance to known races of pathogens, insects or weed pests.

Genetics - Refers to the science of heredity, including the study of its chemical foundation, its development, expression and its bearings on variation, selection, adaptation, evolution, breeding and the activities of man.

Genetic Engineering - A term applied to techniques, still being developed, which involve the separation of cells from collected 'early embryos', and nuclei transfer, by which multiple identical' offspring can ultimately be produced. These techniques are combined with those of Embryo Transfer to implant the 'engineered' embryos in host mothers. The term also embraces the techniques, also being developed, by which DNA altertion and Gene manipulation can hopefully enhance the genetic quality of stock and crops. Genetic engineering provides a powerful alternative to the time consuming conventional methods of breeding (Cross-Breeding) and promises to revolutionise the agricultural industry by permitting scientists to raise greatly improved animals and crop plants (i.e., larger, greater disease resistance, improved food conversion ratio, improved nutritional value, etc.)

Genotypic Selection - The selection of animals in stock breeding on account of their genotype, revealed by their performance following close study of their breeding behaviour and the results of progeny testing.

Gentles - A term for maggots.

Geoponics - The study of agriculture.

Georgic - Relating to agriculture.

Gerber Test - A test used by the Milk Marketing Board to determine the Butterfat content of milk. It involves the use of sulphuric acid and amyl alcohol to break down the proteins which surround the fat globules in milk, releasing the fat for measurement.

Germ - 1. A microorganism causing disease, particularly Bacteria.
2. A loose term for seed or the nucleus of a seed.

Germicide - A chemical substance that kills germs.

Germination Cabinet - Type of seed germinator which is most Commonly used in the seed testing laboratories.

Germination Test - In a germination test the seeds are kept under optimum environmental conditions of light and temperature for inducing germination. The conditions needed to meet legal standards are specified in the rules for testing the different kinds of seeds.

Germinative - Refers to the ability of the seed to sprout, grow and develop into normal plant.

Germinative Capacity - A term used in seed testing for the number of seeds in a sample which geminate in a given time.

Germinative Energy - The rate of germination of a seed.

Germplasm - Refers to an entire array of cultivars in a crop species, related wild species in the genus, and hybrid between the wild and cultivated species.

Germtrap - Simple device which is used to prevent the spread of some diseases.

Gestation Period - The length of time between conception and birth, during which a developing young animal is carried in its mother's womb. For cows about 283 days, for sheep 144-150 days, and for pigs 116-120 days.

Gibberellins - Plant growth stimulating chemicals which are able to induce a number of effects on plant e.g., rapid stem growth, overcoming of dormancy, production of seedless fruit and other responses.

Gilchrist's Disease - Refers to the chronic infection of animals and man. It is characterized by suppurative and granulomatous lesions in lungs and other affected organs. The disease is quite common in dogs and only once in a horse. It is caused by fungus Blastomyces dermatitides.

Gilt - A young female pig not having produced a litter. Also called liet, yelt or yilt.

Ginning (Cotton) - Process of separating lint from seed cotton in ginning factory.

Ginning Percentage (GP) - Means weight of cotton lint obtained from seed cotton. It is usually expressed in terms of percentage of seed cotton or percentage of lint obtained from 100 unit of seed cotton by weight. It depends upon the cotton variety eg., 40 lb or kg of lint obtained from 100 lb or kg of seed cotton by weight then GP is 40.

Glasshouse - A building constructed almost entirely of glass providing a sheltered environment, and warmer conditions than the open air, for the growing of flowers and vegetables. Artificial heating may also be provided. Also called a green-house.

Glass House Crops - Much of the glasshouse sector of the horticulture industry has been re-equipped since the mid-1960s. Widespread use is made of units with automatic control of heating and ventilation, semiautomatic control of watering, and carbon dioxide enrichment of the atmosphere. Tomatoes are the most important glasshouse crop and, together with lettuce and cumcumbers, represent some 95% of the total value of glasshouse vegetable output. The area under sweet peppers and celery has increased significantly.

Glat - A gap in a hedge. Repairing such gaps is known as glatting.

Glazed Fruit - When candied fruit is dipped for a moment in a boiling syrup to impart a glossy finish to it, drained and dried it is called glazed fruit.

Glean - To gather com left by a reaper or by those hand harvesting a grain crop.

Gluten - A mixture of insoluble proteins present in wheat (and other cereal grains) giving wheat flour its distinctive character. It is a stick substance remaining after the strach has been extracted.

Goad - A pointed stick used to urge cattle to move faster.

Goaf - A term used in some parts for a stack of hay, straw, etc., in a barn.

Goatling - A female goat between one and two years of age.

Gobar Gas Plant - Also called bio gas plant. It is a simple plant for carrying out anaerobic digestion of crowdung and liter to produce a combustible gas which is useful for lighting and cooking purposes.

Gobbler - An adult male turkey. Also called stag turkey or turkey cock.

Go-down - A cutting in the bank of a stream or river allowing animals to get to the water to drink.

Gonad - Sexual gland, either ovary or testis or ovotestis, which produces the reproductive cells.

Gonadotropins - Hormones which are obtained from embryonic sex glands.

Goose - A larger bird of the duck family (Anatidae). Domestic geese are descended from the greylag goose and are mostly kept in small flocks under free range, providing table birds. Some large commercial units exist. The term goose is usually applied to the adult female.

Gore - A triangular piece of land.

Gosling - A young goose.

Gossypo - Phenolic pigment in cottonseed that is toxic to some animals.

Gout Fly - A small yellow and black fly related to the Frit Fly, the Larvae of which feed, in consecutive generations, on the shoots and the developing ears of cereals, particularly barley. The leaf sheaths become swollen (or 'gouty') and twisted. Also called the Ribbon-footed Corn Fly.

Grading Up - The establishing of a pedigree herd of cattle by mating pedigree bulls with a core of nonpedigree cows, and subsequently mating each generation of females with further pedigree bulls of the same breed, thereby increasing the percentage of pedigree 'blood' with each generation.