Chip Budding - Method of budding which can be carried out at times when the bark is not slipping. It involves removing a chip of bark from a smooth place between nodes near the base of the stock and replacing it with another chip of the same size and shape from the budstick having a bud of desired variety. The chips in both stock and the budstick should be cut in the same manner. The chip bud is then wrapped to seal the cut edges and to hold the bud piece tightly into the stock.
Chirping - Production of sound by an insect, generally by rubbing one part against another.

Chisel Plough - A type of very heavy Cultivator, with large section tines, the points of which incline forward, and are drawn through the soil at a depth greater than in normal ploughing. The underlying layers are burst without subsoil being brought to the surface.

Chit - A shoot or sprout.

Chitin - A nitrogenous polysaccharide (Carbohydrates) found in the exoskeleton of insects and in the cell walls of many fungi. It provides mechanical strength and resistance to chemicals.

Chitinase - An enzyme which hydrolyses chitin.

Chitterlings - The smaller intestines of a pig or other animals sometimes used for food.

Chitting House - A building in which trays of potatoes are stored in stacks during the winter and stimulated to sprout before planting, by the provision of controlled heating to prevent frost damage and regulate the rate of growth, and movable fluorescent lighting.

Chlordane - A persistent, highly toxic, organochlorine insecticide, used to control earthworms in turf.

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons - A group of insecticides which mainly act on the central nervous system. The tend to be persistent in the environment and can build up of toxic levels in the body fats of other animals higher up food chains. They include D.D.T., Aldrin, Dieldrin and Endrin amongst other. (Organo Phosphorus Compounds).

Chlorine - Plant food element which has been absorbed by plants as chloride (CJ) ion, exact role in plant nutrition not known. Chlorine compounds used as disinfectants and deodourants.

Chlorine Solution - Non irritating disinfectant. It is used for washing udders of cows as well as teat cups of miling machines by dipping for one minute in a solution having 200-300 ppm.

Chlorine Test (Live Stock) - This test finds use for determining mastitis. The test is based on the fact that normal milk is having a chlorine content varying from 0.08% to 0.14% and that the chlorides of the blood escape into the milk and the chlorine content of the milk has been raised with the inflammation of udder. It is a rapid test which should be run by a dairyman, but it should be used with a second test for confirmation of the findings.

Chlorobutanol - It forms colourless to white crystals having camphoraceous odour which is commonly used as antiseptic, hyponotic and sedative. Heavy feeding of chlorobutanol may bring about paralysis and sometime even death of the animal.

Chlorocruorin - Green respiratory pigment which occurs in blood plasma of certain worms.

Chloromycetin - An antibiotically active chemical compound (CllH12NO5CI2) which is produced by Streptomycer venezue/ae during the fermentation of a suitable culture medium.

Chloropyll - The green pigment found in plants essential to the process of Photosynthesis.

Chloropicrin -(Tear Gas) - Chemical which is used for soil fumigation. It is a liquid which has been applied with an injector. Chloropicrin is effective against nematodes, some weed seeds and insects.

Chloroplast - A chlorophyll containing organelle in a plant cell, the site of photosynthesis.

Chlorosis - A condition of plants characterised by normally green parts becoming pale green or yellow (chlorotic). It is due to the prevention of Chlorophyll formation, caused by various factors including lack of light, magnesium or iron deficiency, and excess calcium (when called Lime chlorosis). Also called green sickness.

Chocolate Spot - A fungi disease (Botrytis cinerea and B. fabae) of beans, particularly when winter sown. It causes the development of chocolate coloured spots on the leaves, often quite rapidly, in warm wet conditions following late spring frosts. The shoots become black and die.

Choke - A fungal disease (Epichloe typhina) of cocks foot, timothy and other grasses, characterised by fungal cylinders around the stems and leaves, affecting seed production.

Chopper Spreader - A mechanism sometimes attaches to the straw outlet of a Combine Harvester which chops the straw into short lengths and spreads it over the field.

Chopping out - The removal of unwanted plants in a crop.

Chorion - The outermost membrane around a mammalian foetus (contiguous with the uterus surface), and around a developing chick in an egg.

Chromosome - A thread shaped body, comprising mainly D.N .A. and protein, carrying the Genes, and present in the nucleus of a cell. (Diploid, Haploid, Meiosis, Mitosis)

Chrysalis - A Pupa.

Chunk Honey - Honey containing at least one piece of Comb Honey.

Churn - 1. A machine which agitates cream or whole milk turning it into butter. 2. A large metal milk container or can, commonly of 10 gallons capacity (occasionally 12 gallons), with a closefitting, muschroom type lid.

Circling Disease - Specific bacterial disease which effects mammals including man and birds. It is characterized by meaningo encephalities and sometimes abortion in domestic ruminants and human beings. It is caused by Listeria monocytogenes.

Citrate Soluble - Refers to that part of the total phosphoric acid in a fertilizer which is insoluble in water but soluble in a neutral solution of citrate of ammonia. It is mostly in the form of dicalcium phosphate, CaHPO 4.

Citrus Molasses - Product which is obtained from the juice of citurs wastes.

Clasper - One of a pair of appendages at the tail end of a caterpillar by which it clings to leaves, twigs and other surfaces.

Clat - To remove wool from around the udder and the inside of the thighs of a ewe prior to lambing.

Clay - A constituent of Soil comprising extremely finegrained particles, less than 0.002 mm in diameter, characterized by high moisture retention. Sticky and plastic when wet, hardening and shrinking on drying. (Clay Minerals, Clay Soils, Loam, Sand, Silt).

Clay Minerals - The particles comprising clay consist of layers of hydrated aluminium and magnesium silicates forming a crystal lattice. Various types of clay mineral exist, e.g, kaolinite and montmorillonite, having different layer structures, and differing abilities to absorb and retain water, and to absorb and exchange cations (Cation Exchange). The agricultural productivity of a soil is related to the nature and content of the clay minerals in it and to its ability to retain (and subsequently release for crop use) cations, particularly those applied in the form of fertilizers.

Clay Soils - Soils containing large amounts of clay, often called heavy soils because they require much more effort (i.e., greater tractor power) to plough and cultivate than sandy or light soils. They are sticky and swell when wet and are liable to poaching, particularly in winter. They retain moisture well but become hard, shrink and crack in dry weather. Artificial drainage of clay soil is often carried out, particularly for arable cropping. (Land Drainage, Loam).

Clay Loam - Heavy soil intermediate in texture between clay and loam.

Clay Pan - (1) In common usage, it refers to a dense, heavy subsoil, more or less impermeable to roots
(2) A dense and heavy soil horizon which underlies the upper part of the soil profile, hard when dry and stiff or plastic when wet.

Clay Pots - Familiar red clay flower pots, which are long used fror growing young plants.

Clean Cattle - Cattle which have not been used for breeding, i.e., maiden Heifers, steers and young Bulls.

Clean Corn - A sample of wheat, barley, etc., not mixed with the seeds of other plants.

Clean Cultivation - Periodic soil tillage which carried out to eliminate all vegetation other than the crop being grown.
Clean Cultivation - Cultivation which is carried out to prevent the growth of all vegetation except the particular crop desired.

Clean Land - Land free from weeds.

Clean Legged - A descriptive term for a horse with few or no long hairs (known as feather) on its legs.

'Clean' Pasture - The sward after an arable crop, following reseeding, ungrazed by livestock and therefore presumed to be uncontaminated by parasitic worm larvae.

Clean Tillage - Periodic soil tillage which is carried out to eliminate all vegetation other than the crop being grown.

Cleft Graft - A graft involving the inseration of the scion into a wedgeshaped cut in the centre of the stock.

Cleg - One of various species of blood sucking, two winged, tabanid flies (Haematopota sp.). They are ashygrey with finely mottled wings and large bright eyes and are troublesome to horses. Also called horsefly.

Cleft Palate - Hereditary defect in pigs. It is characterized by their inability to nurse, they die soon after birth.

Cleistogamy - Close fertilization within the unopened flower due to self-pollination.

Cling - Diarrhoea in animals, particularly sheep.

Clip - 1. To remove or Shear the wool from a sheep.
2. The wool removed from either a single sheep or a whole flock.
3. One of several projections which prevent a horseshoe from shifting on a horse's foot.