Cattle Scab - Contagious skin disease which is affecting cattle of all classes and ages and is caused by mites which are parasites obtaining their food from the tissues of the host animal. It can be eradicated by dipping or spraying lime-sulphur dip, petroleum dip etc.

Cattle Tick Fever - An infectious disease of the blood of cattle which is caused by the development and actively of minute protozonparasites which are conveyed to the animals by the cattle fevertick. The disease has been characterzied by high fever, destruction of red corpuscles, enlarged spleen, enlarged liver, thick and f1aky bile, bloody urine. The eradication of the ticks is done by killing them on the pasture and on the cattle. Animals could be immunized by introducing the casual parasite into the system by blood inoculation.

Caul - A membranous sac, part of the amnion, enclosing the head of an animal at birth.

Caustic Paste - Prepared from one part arsenic trioxide mixed with five parts flour and wet with water to form a paste. This paste finds use in the treatment of summer sores of horses.

Cave Biology - Study of cave dwelling organisms (troglobionts).

Cavie - A hen-coop or cage.

Cavings - The small pieces of straw and leaves broken up by a Threshing Machine and delivered from it after shaking out the grain and chaff.

Cave Biology - Study of cave dwelling organisms (troglobionts).

Cavy (Plural, Cavies) - Refers to one of the several species of tailless or short tailed rodents of the family Caviidae, like the guinea pig, capybara and mara.

Cayenne Tick - Parasite which is found on horse. Clipping helps to keepthem off horses.

Cecidiology - Division of biology which deals with the study of galls on plants caused by insects, mites and fungi.

Cell Wall - The limiting layer of a plant cell enclosing the protoplasm, comprising the plasma membrane and cellulose laid down as a crystallattice.

Cellulose - A fibrous polysaccharide, the fundamental constituent of the Cell Walls in plants. (Carbohydrates)

Cemented Soil - Soil in which the grains or aggregates adhere firmly and are bound together by some material which serves as a cementing agent such as colloidal clay iron silica, or alumina hydrates, lime etc.

Central Leader - In this system a plant or a tree has been trained to form a trunk which extends from the surface of the soil to the top of the tree.

Central Seed Laboratory - Under Sub-section (i) of Section 3 and of the Indian Seeds Act, 1966; the Seed Testing Laboratory at IARI New Delhi has been recognised as the Cental Seed Testing Laboratory .

Centrifugal Divider - An instrument which is used for dividing a sample in the Seed Testing Laboratory. It uses centrifugal force to mix and scatter seeds over the dividing surface.

Cereal Forage - Cereal crop which has been harvested when immature for either hay, silage, green feed or as pasturage, e.g., Bajri fodder.

Cereal(s) - Cultivated members of the grass family whose seeds or grain are used to provide flour for breadmaking or as animal feed. The grain is rich in Starch but also contain valuable Proteins and Vitamins. The main cereals grown in India are Barley, Maize, Oats, Rye  and Wheat.

Cereal Substitutes - Substances used by animal feed compounders to provide the carbohydrate content of the feed instead of traditional cereals. The common substitutes include manioc, maize gluten, rice bran, milling offals, grain screenings, citrus and beet pulp, and brewing and distillery waste.

Certification Agency - An agency which has been established under Section 8 or recognised under Section 18 of the Indian SeedsAct, 1966. Its function has been to certify seeds of any notified variety.

Certification Sample (Seed) - Refers to a smaple of seeds which has been drawn by a certification agency or by a duty authorised representative of the agency. The sample would be for the purpose of determining if the lot of seed from which the sample was collected is having statisfactory germination and purity to get tagged and sold as certified seed.

Certification (Seed) - Refers to the system of maintaining the genetic purity and quality of seeds. The crops offered for certificatin are grown as per requirement of seed certification standards which have been established by a seed certification agency. The crop has been inspected several times to ensure purity and qua1ity of seeds.

Certification Tag - Lobel of specified design which indicates the. certificate issued by the seed certification agency.

Certified Seed - Seed which is grown from certified seed stocks and that which is meeting the standards set up by a certifying agency for germination, presence of weed or other seed and impurities, freedom from disease-carrying gem1S.

Certified Seed Producer - Person growing or distributing certified seed as per procedures and standards of the certification agency.

Certified Seed Sample - Samples that have to be submitted by a seed certification officer or inspector for escertainingthe quality to be tagged and sold as certified.

Cesspit, Cesspool - A pit, well or pool into which liquid wastes and manure are directed. The solids are left behind as the liquid  drains away.

Chafers - Various beetles, the grubs of which are pests in old grass  lands, usually those which are in slightly dry situations.

Chaff - In general terms any worthless matter. The husks of corn  separated from the grain during. Threshing or Winnowing. Also short lengths of cut hay or straw. Also known as dowse or chop.

Chaff Cutter - Machine used for chopping fodder. 

Chaffing - The chopping up of straw and hay for feeding to stock. Chaff is commonly mixed with concentrate rations for horses. It discourages them from bolting the ration and compels them to chew it.

Chain - A measure of length equivalent to 22 yds (20.1m) or 100 links.

Chain Harness - A type of harness used to draw ploughs or other implements having no shafts. Also known as sling gear.

Chain Harrow - A type of Harrow, lacking a rigid frame, comprising a series of flexible chain links bearing spikes or knifetines, generally doubleended and reversible. This arrangement permits the harrow to follow uneven ground very closely.

Chalaza - 1. The spiral albuminous band anchoring the yolk at each end to the shell in a birds egg. 2. The base of the ovule in plants where the funicle or ovule stalk is primarily attached.

Chaldron -  A measure equal to 4 quarters or 32 bushels.

Chalk - A soft white or greyish, very porous type of limestone, very rich in calcium carbonate. It is spread on the land to correct soil acidity and calcium deficiency, either as rough chalk or after crushing (ground chalk) when it is more effective. It is some­times klin dried, finely ground, and sold as ground carbonate of lime.

Challenge Feeding - The feeding of diary cows in early lactation with concentrates at a rate in excess of standard recommendations, to provide extra energy which would otherwise be derived by the breakdown of body tissue. Also called lead feeding.

Channel Terrace- Refers to the type of contour terrace for soil conservation, wide and relatively shallow channel excavated at suitable intervals on a falling contour with a suitable longitudi­nal gradients excavated soil deposited as a wide, low ridge along the lower ridge of the channel. It is recommended for relatively impervious soil and in heavy rainfall tracts.

Chapped Teats - Caused by any irritation like sudden chilling after sucking by the calf, wet milking, wet bedding or freezing in water. Treatment includes washing the udder with warm soapy water, rising and then drying with a towel and painting, the chapped surface with glycerine iodine solution.

Character - 1. The nature and way of behaviour of an animal.
2. A specific recognisable feature transmitted from generation to generation, e.g., height, colour, etc. In plant and animal breeding attempts are made to breed-In or breed out characters considered desirable or otherwise.

Chase - The hunting of wild animals by pursuit. Also an open area or preserve for game. Beasts of chase are wild animals generally hunted, e.g., buck, doe, fox, marten and roe.

Chats - The smallest potatoes in a crop, either too small or of inadequate quality to be classed as ware or seed potatoes.

Check Dam - Small low fixed dam which has been constructed of brush, logs, timber, loose rock masonry or concrete, in an eroded channel for reducing the slope of the water flowing therein during high stages, and also the resulting velocity, thereby preventing excessive scour and erosion and inducing deposition.

Checking - The tilting of a plough to the land. (Boarding).

Check Irrigation - Method of irrigation in which the water has been applied to a field or orchard which is divided into a series of checks by earth ridges, the water flowing from one check to another along the slope.

Check Method of Irrigation - Method of irrigation by which water has been run into relatively levelledplots which are surrounded by small ridges. It is the most common method in India and is suited to irrigation of grain and fodder crops in heavy soils where water is absorbed very slowly and so must stand for relatively long time to assure adequate penetration

Check Row Planting - Refers to the method of planting in which row to row and plant distance has been uniform. In this method, seeds have been planted precisely along straight parallel furrows. The rows are always in two perpendicular directions. A machine used for check row planting is known as

Cheek - One of two corresponding sides of an implement. Often used for the side of a plough facing the unploughed part of a field.

Cheese - A nutritious foodstuff prepared from the curd of milk, coagulated by rennet or acid, separated from the whey, and pressed into a solid mass. The nature of the Butterfat content of the milk is important. Small fat globules (characteristic of Ayrshire and Friesian milk) which rise extremely slowly, are required to produce an even texture of the cheese.