Brown Oil of Vitriol (B.O.V.). Sulphuric acid, formely used as a weed-killer, particularly against broadleaves such as charlock.

Brown Rot - A fungal disease of apples, pears and plums, which turns the ripe fruit brown and rotten. They become mummified, hanging on the trees.

Browse. 1. To feed and nibble on young shoots, buds and twigs of plants. 2. The tender shoots of shrubs and trees which cattle may feed on.

Brucclla Abortus Vaccine - It is obtained from a strain of Brucella abortus whose virulence has been reduced. It is widely used for the vaccination of calves between 4 and 8 months of age and is highly effective in preventing brucellosis.

Brucellosis - A bacterial disease of the reproductive system, mainly of cattle sheep and pigs, although all mammals have been susceptible. In cattle it causes infection of the womb and placenta and abortion of calves. It is spread mainly via aborted calves, afterbirth, discharges and milk which contaminate pasture, food and water. It causes undulant fever in humans. Also called contagious abortion.

Brucellosis in Pigs - A bacterial disease which is charaterized by abortion, still births, abscesses in different parts of the body and temporary or permanent infertility in both males and females. It occurs due to Brucella suis, a short slender 1-2_long and 0.3 0 0.5_ wide gram-negative, non-capsulated, non-motile and non-sporulating organism.

Brush - Loppings and trimmings from trees, shrubs and hedges. Also to lop or trim such plants, or to cut down weeds using a Brushing Hook.

Brushing Hook - A sharp sickle-shaped tool which is used to trim hedges and clear under growth.

Brushwood - Low, rough, scrubby, undergrowth or thicket.

Brutting - A method of summer pruning used mainly by nutgrowers, but also applied to old fruit trees, in which side shoots of the bushes are snapped off near to their base by hand, and the end left hanging, preventing secondary growth.

Bubonic Plague - Plague which is charaterized by buboes (swelling of glands in the groin). It primarily affects, rondents, but is often transmitted to man and livestock.

Bucket Elevator - An equipment which is used to lift the seeds to the top of bins/machines for cleaning, sorting etc.

Bucket-feeding - Feeding a young animal with milk and gruel from a bucket, rather than allowing it to suckle its mother.

Buckhound - A small staghound used for hunting bucks.

Buckling - A male goat, 1-2 years old.

Buckrake - A simple implement with close-set long tines, usually rearmounted on a tractor hydraulic lift linkage, used for collecting and transporting cut grass and Green Crops for Silage making. Also used for other purposes such as transporting straw and hay bales.

Buckshot - A large type of shot used in dear-shooting.

Buckwheat - Two frost-sensitive cultibated plant species, common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculelltum) and Tartarian buckwheat (F. tartaricum), often classed as Cereals, but actually of the dock family. Grown mainly in patches, providing grain for peasants, and sometimes as a forage crop. Common buckwheat has white or pink flowers and dark brown seeds, sharply triangular in cross-section. Also called brank.

Bud Mutation - Mutation in the bud which brings about variation in it and produces a branch, flower or fruit unlike rest of the plant.

Bud Union - The term used for the place of union of the bud with the plant-stock in a budded plant.

Budding and Grafting Knives - Knives which find use in budding and grafting operation in the asexual methods of plant propagation.

Budsports - Branch showing changes in one or more inheritable characters that could be perpetuated by asexual means.

Budstick - Shoot whose buds have been removed for preparation.

Budwood - Plant material which is used in budding of fruit and other trees. It is obtained from healthy vigorous and high yielding trees or branches which generally bear fruit of good quality, taken from mature wood of current year's growth, and from only round twigs, especially in the case of citrus species, the best being those from basal portions of young shoots.

Buffalo Grat - Small insect which is belonging to the Simulium genus. It is often a terrible scourage to cattle and horses. It could be controlled by spraying D.D.T.

Buffer Soil Compounds - Clay, organic matter, and such compounds as carbonates and phosphates which make the soil to resist appreciable change in pH value.

Bug - Term strictly used only for members of the order Homoptera.

Bug Spittle - Nymph of a sucking insect of the family Cercopidae. It commonly lives surrounded by a white, frothy mass resembling spittle.

Bulb Dips - Chemical compounds in which bulbs are immersed to provide protection against pests and diseases.

Bulb Syrinage - It consists of a soft rubber bulb with a hard rubber pipe to be introduced into body openings e.g., into the vagina.

Bulbar Paralysis - Refers to the paralysis of the prolongation of the spinal cord into the brain.

Bulk - The dry matter in animal rations.

Bulk Bin - Large container which is used in handling and strong fresh fruits and vegetables. Most bulk bins have a capacity of 10 to 20 bushels.

Bulk Density - Refers to the mass or weight of oven dry soil per unit bulk volume, including air space. This mass in relation to the weight of a unit volume of water was formerly termed as Apparent Density or Volume Weight.

Bulk Method - Method which is used in self-polinated crops in which the segregating generations of hybrids have been grown in bulk plot with or without mass selection, and with single plant selection in F6 and later generations. Synonyms, bulk breeding and bulk method of breeding.

Bulk Seed Sample. Entire quantity of sample which is received in a seed laboratory for testing.

Bulk Specific Gravity - Refers to the ratio of the bulk density of a soil to the mass of unit volume of water.

Bulky Feedingstuff - A feedingstuff having little nutritive value relative to its volume, e.g., hay, straw or chaff, in contrast to concentrates.

Bull - An uncastrated aduly male bovine animal.

Bull Beef - Beef from a bull as opposed to a steer. A bull carcase provides more lean meat than a steer's.

Bulldog - 1. A deformed calf with a bulldog-like appearance due to its short leg and jaws and swollen abdomen. 2. A split ring which grips a bull's nostrils through which a rope can be passed for holding or leading.

Bull Dog Calf - Calves born dead, usually prematurely; and the anatomical alterations, including short legs and bulldog-like head are common.

Bulla - Large sac like structure which is filled with fluid under the skin. Bullet. A dose of mineral, e.g., cobalt or magnesium, introduced to an animal by a specialgun, providing it with a long-lasting supply, preventing Deficiency Diseases.

Bullimong - A mixture of oats, peas and mixed grains shown as a Forage Crop. The custom was confined to certain limited areas and has probably now ceased.

Bulling Heifer - A maiden Heifer which has reached the right size and age for mating.

Bullock - A castrated bull. A bullock calf is a castrated male calf.

Bull-wheel - A large wheel which is providing drive to the machinery of a binder or reaper.

Bumble Foot - A condition of poultry characterised by abscesses between the toes, caused by thorns, stones, glass fragments, etc., penetrating the soft tissue, or by bruising, and resulting in lameness.

Bunch - 1. A handful of Hay. 2. A herd.

Bund - Low ridge of soil which is built along the field contours.

Bund Former - An implement which is used for making bunds or ridges by collecting the soil. Bunds are needed to hold water in the soil, thereby conserve moisture and prevent run-off.

Bunostomum - Hookworms found in cattle, sheep and goat.

Bunt - A fungus disease (Tilletia caries), mainly of wheat but also of rye, filling the ears with a mass of black, fish-smelling, greasy spores. Bunted grains burst when threshed, the spores contaminating and discolouring healthy grain, so that it is useless as seed or for milling. Also called stinking smut.

Bur, Burr - 1. The prickly seed-case or fruiting head of certain plants, particularly burdock, which adhere to animal fur and clothing. 2. A knob at the base of a deer's horn. 3. A knotting growth on a tree, leaving marks in timber. 4. The catkin or cone of the hop.5. Arenaceous rock from which millistones (burrstones) are made. Also one of the corrugations of a millstone.

Burgundy Mixture - A misture of copper sulphate and sodium car­bonate (washing soda) used as a fungicide. (See Bordeaux Mixture).

Burnt Lime - A form of Lime with the highest neutralising value. Mainly Calcium Oxide and various residues produced by burning lumps of Chalk or Limestone, and usually kibbed or ground before use. It readily absorbs water to form Calcium Hydroxide and cannot be stored for very long. Caustic and irritant, it is also used to destroy carcases of animals which have died from infectious di eases. Also called quicklime, lump lime and shell lime.

Burry Wool - Fleeces which have caught seed Burs in them.

Bush - Term which is used to signify a region covered with forest or scrub not yet cleared for cultivation.

Bush-and-Bog - Refers to heavy cut-away disktillage implement used on rough or brushy pasture land.

Bush Disease - Sporadic Bovine Encephalomyelitis.

Bush Drain - A type of field Drain which is constructed by packing bushes into a trench which is then refilled.

Bush Fruit - Fruit which is grown on bushes as opposed to trees or Cane, e.g. blackcurrants, gooseberries.

Bush Fruit Trees - A fruit tree, the lowest branches of which are below 75 cm (30 in) above the ground.

Bush Harrow - An old type of light harrow having a barried wooden frame with bushes or branches woven through it, used for covering grass seeds. Developed from the primitive harrow with a log tied on top of a bush.

Bushel - A dry measure by which grain was once generally computed, and also used for fruit, containing 1.28 cubic feet or 8 gallons. Many farmers still Drill seed in bushel per acre or refer to grain in terms of lbs per bushel when discussing its quality, but, following metrication, grain traders now use kg per hectolitre. Fruit is now usually picked into bulk bins rather than bushel boxes. Also called sieve.

Butcher System - A design, once popular, now rare, for hop garden wire-work, with three horizontal wires attaching to the poles the lowest at about 15 cm (6 in.) and the middle (breast wire) at about 120 cm (4 ft.).

Butt - 1. A tree trunk. 2. The base of a leaf stalk. 3. One of the short furrows ploughed where a field runs to an angle or at an awkward comer.

Butterfat - The fatty substances contained in milk, mainly glycerides of palmitic and oleic acids, present as minute fat globules, the size of which vary according to breed, and diminish from time of calving. The largest and present in Jersey milk, churn easily and are best for butter-making. The smallest are present in Ayrshire and Freisian milk and are best for cheese. The butterfat content of milk is determined by the Gerber Test and nowadays also by a number of semi-automatic instruments (e.g. Foss Milkotester) which are themselves calibrated using the Gerber Test.

Butterfly - A breed of rabbit.

Buttermilk - The residual liquid following the churning of cream into butter.

Byre - A cow-house.