Blaze - A white mark on an animal's face.

Bleat - Call of sheep and goat.

Blemish - Includes green patches, brown spot and patches, damage which occurs due to pest and disease, breakage in handling, sponginess and black spots, as in tobacco.

Blend - (1) To cross-broad plants or animals to obtain an offspring having characteristics of each (2) To mix two or more ingredients to get a standardized product.

Blending Inheritance - The inheritance of characters so that the offspring, and successive generations become intermediate between the original parents. This is because the character has been controlled by several genes.

Blet - Incipient internal decay in fruit.

Bligh - A plant disease caused by fungal parasites and various insects, Aphids, Mildew, Rust, Smut, etc. Usually a blight will attack a whole crop and sometimes a particular crop throughout a region. Nowadays the term is usually restricted to Potato Blight.

Blind - A plant which fails to flower or produce fruit.

Blind Cultivation - Cultivating with a harrow weeder, rotary hoe, or other implement to kill weeds before a seeded or planted crop has come up.

Blind Eyes - Shoots which do not produce flowers.

Blind Gut - The Caecum.

Bloat - The swelling of a cow's rumen due to gas from fermentation of green food, particularly lush grass containing white clover, or from frosted or muldy food, and obstructions in the gullet. It causes respiratory distress and, in acute cases, death. Also called hoven, rumen tympany or blast.

Block - A main territorial division of a forest, which is generally bounded by natural features and bearing a local proper name.

Blood Mare - A throughbred Mare.

Blood Meal - A residue from a slaughterhouse, rich in protein, low in mineral content, used as a feedingstuff, particularly in rations for pigs and poultry.

Blood Sports - Those sports involving the killing of animals, e.g., fox hunting.

Blood Stock - Thoroughbred horses, bred through generations for their excellent qualities.

Bloodline - Succeeding generations of animals of a species which are specially bred to maintain the genetic composition responsible for specific desirable features or qualities. Maintaining a blood line is also known as breeding true.

Bloom - Grains, short rods, or crusts of wax on the surface of some leaves and fruits.

Blossom Honey - Honey produced wholly or mainly from the nectar of blossOIl1S.

Blossom Wilt - A fungal disease (Sclerotinia laxa) of apples, pears, plums and cherries, causing fruit to rot and blossom and young leaves to wilt and die.

Blotch - Disease which shows large and irregular spots on stems, shoots and leaves.

Blotch Mine - Dark patch on a leaf which is caused by a minute insect larva mining or burrowing between the upper and lower epidermis. Various insects do this, including the larvae of small moths like the Lilac leafminer (Gracilaria syirngella) and of Diptera such as the Celeyfly (Acidia heraclei). Blotch Mines are only one of various patterns which are produced by leaf-mining insects.

Blow - 1. To develop bloom or blossom. 2. The condition of a cow with its stomach swollen by gases, mainly methane. 3. A term for soil blown by the wind.

Blow Fly - A general name for a number of species of fly which deposit their eggs in flesh and carcases. Also called flesh fly. 2. The Bluebottle, a two-winged fly with metallic blue wings. The larvae feed on animal matter and dung.

Blowout (Erosion) - An excavation in areas of loose soil, usually sand which is produced by wind action.

Blown - 1. A descriptive term for sheep suffering from attack by maggots, particularly of the Blow Fly. 2. A descriptive term for an animal suffering from bloat.

Blown Out Land - An area from which all or almost all the soil has been removed by wind erosion. Usually barren, and unfit for crop production.

Blue Ointment - Mild mercurial ointment having a bluish colour. It is used for the destruction of external parasites particularly for the extermination of lice.

Bluetongue - Sore Muzzle of Sheep.

Boarding. The practice of tilting a plough towards the ploughed land to increase the pressure on the Mouldboards.

Bobby Calf - A term for the unwanted male offspring of a milk producing breed of cattle, usually a Channel Island Breed, used for veal.

Bodge - An old measure for oats, approximately a gallon, or half a peck.

Body - The operating part of a plough comprising a coulter, share and Mouldboard. Most modem ploughs have several bodies.

Bog - In general terms it refers to a spongy, usually peaty, wet area of marshy land. The term is applied more strictly to wet, very acid Peat, characterised by Sphagnum moss, found particularly in areas of heavy rainfall. Distinct from a fen which has an alkaline to slightly acid peaty soil.

Bog Soils - An intra zonal group of soils having a muck of peaty surface underlain by peat, developed under swamp or marsh types of vegetation. It is mostly in humid or sub humid climate.

Bog Spavin - Accumulation of synovial fluid in and around the hock joints of horses.

Bogey - A low heavy cart used in the past for carrying Haycocks.

Bogle - A scarecrow.

Boiler - A pullet or Hen which is sold for the table at the end of the laying period.

Boll - 1. An old measure of capacity for grain. In northern England varying from 2 to 6 Bushels; in Scotland usually 6 bushels. 2. An old measure of weight for grain equal to 140100 (63.5 kg).

Boll Weevil - The larva of a noctuid moth Heliothis armigera. It feeds on cotton bolls and other seeds.

Bolt - 1. A bundle of willow shoots or reeds about 3 ft in circumference. 2. To break away, as when a horse suddenly dashes off. 3. A sieve for separating Bran from flour. (Bolting Cloth).

Bolt, Carriage Type - Commonly used bolt in wood. It is having a round head and a square or splined neck which grows into the wood to keep the bolt from turning.

Bolter - 1. A term used of biennial plants, which normally take two years to flower and set seed, but which get out of hand and produce seed instead in the first year, thus reducing the harvest yield. Examples of crops which sometimes bolt include cabbage and sugar beet. 2. A Bolting Cloth.

Bolting - Formation of elongated stem or seed stalk. It usually takes place during the second season of the growth in biennial plants.

Bone - To remove the bones from a carcase.

Bone Ash - Produced by burning bones with free access to air and contains 15 to 16.5 percent phosphorus. It is used as a feed supplement.

Bone Chewing - Animals on feed which are low in phosphorus commonl y chew bones, wood dried or decayed animal carcasses as an instinctive reaction to the dietary deficiency. Affected animals get unthrifty, and milk production reduces to a minimum. The remedy involves feeding of phosphorus rich feeds such as oil cakes.

Bone Feedstuff - The term used for a common supplementary source of phosphorus for animals. It is a natural source of calcium phosphate which is provided by bones in various forms. They supply phosphorus and calcium in animal diet.

Bone Flour - Finely ground bones, containing phosphate, used as Fertilizer and also as a Feedingstuff.

Bone Marrow - Yellowish tissue that occupies a bone cavity.

Bone Meal - Bones, coarsely ground, after removing most of the rat. Used as a feedingstuff of fertilizer. (Meat-and-Bone-Meal).

Bone Seeker - Compound or ion that migrates in vivo preferentially into bone.

Bonnet - The second stomach of a Ruminant.

Bonnney clabber - An Irish term for milk naturally clotted on souring. Boost. An instrument used to mark sheep, often with the owner's initials, usually using hot tar.

Boot - 1. Upper leaf sheath of a grass. 2. Stage at which the inflorescence expends the boot.

Borcic Acid - Boric acid, white powder used in medicine as very weak antiseptic.

Bordeaux Mixture - A mixture of copper sulphate (bluestone or blue vitriol), Lime, and water, used as a fungicidal spray on crops. (See Burgundy mixture).

Border - Strip of land, which varies in width and length edged on both sides by a low ridge which guides the now of water within that strip.

Border Irrigation - Also known border strip irrigation. It refers to system of irrigation in which the field has been divided into border strips by using low ridges; water turned into upper end of each border strip moves down the slope in a thin sheet. It is an efficient, rapid and reltively easy method of irrigation. It is useful for all dose-growing crops, some row crops and orchards where topography and soils are suitable.