Barrener - A female farm animal adjudged to be baren. A term usually applied to cows.

Barrier - Any type of obstruction physical, chemical or biological that does not allow the migration of animals, or gradual extension of their territories.

Barbon - A farm yard.

Basal Area - Refers to the area of the cross section of a stem. It is usually 6 ft. above union of a tree at breast height. When it is applied to a crop ("Crap basal area"). The sum of basal areas of all the stems or the total basal area per unit of area. It may be expressed in true or in quarter girth units.

Basal Doso - Manures or fertilizers which are applied to the soil before the crop is sown or planted or transplanted.

Base Exchange - Process in which soil absorbs certain positively charged ions from the soil solution and releases other cations in equivalent quantities.

Base Exchange Capacity - Amount of base which is held on a clay under specified conditions e.g., of pH.

Base Saturation - Extent to which a material is saturated with exchangeable cations other than hydrogen, expressed as a percentage of the cation exchange capacity.

Base Saturation Percentage - The extent to which the Adsorption Complex of a soil is saturated with exchangeable Cations other than Hydrogen and Aluminium. It is expressed as a percentage of the total Cation Exchange Capacity.

Base Status (High or low) - Quantity of nutrient bases available in the soil.

Basic Cleaning - Means cleaning of the seed by separating material smaller as well as larger than the good seed, general size grading, and cleaning. For example, cleaning by Air Screen Cleaner.Basic Slag - A by product of steel manufacture which is used as a Fertilizer. It is a fine, powdery, grey black, and rich in Phosphate and lime.

Basidiomycetes - A large group of Fungi, having most of the familiar types like mushrooms, toadstools, bracket and jelly fungi and puff balls, and also parasitic forms such as Rusts and smuts. Spores are produced by clubshaped cells called basidia.

Basidiospore - Sexuallyderived spores which are produced following the union of two nuclei on a specialized clublike structure called a basidium.

Basil - 1. An aromatic herb which is used in cooking. 2. A sheepskin, which is roughly tanned and undressed.

Basket Brooder - Brooder which is made with an ordinary domeshaped basket, lower half of which gets lined with guuny sack or cement mixture wash and upper half left open for allowing passage to smoke hurricane lantern source of heat, sleeved off by 1/2 inch wire mesh; floor has been covered with straw or saw dust.

Bast Phloem. The inner bark of a tree which is used in long strips for basket-and mat-making, and for tying plants to stakes.

Bastard Fallow - Land left fallow for half the summer, between the harvesting of one crop (usually silage or hay) and the sowing of the next crop, during which it is ploughed to kill perennial weeds by desiccation. The procedure remains the same as for a bare fallow except that it does not waste a year. Success is very dependent on favourable weather conditions. Also known as half allow, pin fallow short fallow or summer fallow.

Bastard Trenching - A method of deep digging in which the soil layers get replaced in their natural sequence, as opposed to ordinary trenching in which the sequence of soil layers taken with each spit get reversed when replaced.

Bat - A pole which is used in hop gardens for supporting wire work usually Sweet Chestnut or Larch.

Bating - One of the steps which are used in the tanning of leather. It is following dehacring with lime. In this the skins are soaked in a bath containing enzymes and ammonium salts. The aim is to remove residual lime, hair, skin, and glands.

Batology - The study of brambles.

Batt - 1. The long wooden handle of a Scythe. 2. A faggot of stout sticks.

Battery Hens - Hens kept for their laying lives indoors in Cages, normally in three-tiered rows, Laying batteries may be static, semi or fully automatic, depending on the method of feeding, watering and manure clearance. Battery housed birds achieve a higher rate of egg production than those under other systems. More than 96% of the national laying flock in Britain is now housed in battery cages.

Baule Unit - Baule postulated that the unit of fertilizer of any other growth factor, may be taken as that amount which is necessary to produce a yield that is 50 per cent of the maximum possible. According to this concept one Baule unit of a growth factor is equivalent to one Baule of any ohter growth factor in terms of growth-promoting ability. The values of the Baule unit in pounds per acre of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O have been 223.45 and 76 respectively based on Mistcherlich's work.

Baulk - 1. An unploughed strip of land left to mark the boundary between fields. 2. A ridge created by ploughing and then left unploughed. 3. A beam of a timber. 4. A ridge (balk) in which potatoes are planted.

Baulking Plough - See Ridger.

Bay - 1. The space between two columns in a barn, or any recess in a farm building. 2. A stall in a stable.

3 The combined cry of hounds hunting an animals, or the last stand of an animal cornered by hounds. 4. A description of a horse, reddish brown to chestnut in colour.

B.C.P. Test - A test which is used to determine the presence of antibiotics in milk (Milk Quality Schemes) which superseded the T.T.C. test in 1976. It involves the addition of a bacterial culture to a milk sample together with the colour indicator Bromo Cresol Purple (B.C.P.). If no antibiotics are present the culture grows, produces Lactic Acid, and causes the B.C.P. to change colour through green to yellow. If antibiotics are present no growth takes place no acid is produced, and there occurs no colour change.

Beam - 1. A large straight piece of iron or timber which is usually square in cross-section and is forming one of the main structural members of a building, normally supporting rafters.

2. The main shaft of a plough, wooden or metal, to which are fixed the Mouldboard, Coulters and wheels, and the handles of horse drawn ploughs This part transmits the power of the animal to the plough.

3. The main trunk of a stag's horn.

Beamage - An allowance on an animal carcase for loss of weight by evaporation.

Bean (s) - Various leguminous plants, and their seeds borne in pods, distinguished from vetch, clover and peas by having a square, hollow steam. They are tall, errect plants, varying in length according to variety, and develop a strong tap root bearing nodules containing bacteria capable of nitrogen Fixation. When ploughed-in, valuable nitrogen and organic Matter is returned to the soil. The seeds or beans are rich in Protein.

Bean Straw - The Haulm of bean plants.
Beard - 1. The hairy tuft on the lower part of a goat's jaw, or on a turkey's neck (also called Brush). 2. A term for an Awn or threadlike spike, as on the ears of barley.

Beaters - 1. Steel bars on the drum of a threshing machine of combine harvester which dislodge the grain out of the ears of cereals as they rotate. Also known as beater bars.

2. Those who rouse game in shooting or hunting.

Beaumont Period - A period of 48 hours during which temperatures do not fall below l0°C (50°F) and relative humidity remains above 75%. Outbreaks of potato Blight may be expected within 3 weeks of such a period.

Beck - 1. A brook or small stream in the north of England. Equivalent to a Burn in Scotland. 2. A type of hand-hoe used to chop the soil around a hop plant.

Bed - 1. A garden plot.(Seed Bed) 2. A layer or stratum of rock. 3.A sleeping place for an animal. (Bedding) Bed Bug. Cimex iectulariu or Cimex hemipterus. A blood sucking insect which belongs to the genus Cimex. It lives and lays its eggs in the crevices of bed steads, furniture and walls.

Bedded Set - A young hop plant, having rooted in a nursery bed from a cutting.

Bedding - Litter for farm animals to sleep on, usually straw, shavings, sawdust, etc.

Bedding Land - The ploughing, grading or otherwise elevating the surface of fields into a series of parallel beds or ‘lands’ with shallow surface drains separating them.

BeddingSoil - Arrangingthesurfaceoffieldsbyploughing and grading into a series of elevated beds separated by shallow ditches for drainage.

Bedrock - The solid rock beneath the soil. Bee. A furry insect of the Order Hymenoptera. There are solitary and social bees. The latter live in colonies. Each colony has one queen bee together with large numbers of female ‘workers’ and a fewer male ‘drones’. The most highly socialised is the honey bee kept in hives by beekeepers for commercial Honey production Bumblebees have much smaller colonies. A growing practice is the hiring and placing of Beehives in Orchards to promote pollination and fruit setting.

Bee Beard - 1.The pollen of flowers collected by bees and fed, together with honey, to the larvae. 2.The local name of several plants yielding nectar.

Bee Brush - Brush or whisk broom often used to brush off bees from a Honey-comb before it is taken away for extraction.
Bee Candy - Artificial food for bees which is made from sugar and substances like honey.
Bee, Carpenter - A member of the family Oxylocopidae. It makes tunnels in dry wood or twigs for nesting purposes.