African Coast Fever - Rhodesian Tick-Fever.

African Horse-Sickness - Refers to an infectious disease of equines, which is characterized by market oedema of subcutaneous tissues and lungs, haemorrhages in some of the internal organs and accumulation of serious fluid in the body cavity. It has been caused by filterable virus having a particle size of about 50 m.

African Pig Disease - Wart Hog Disease.

African Swine Fever - Wart Hog Disease.

African Trypanosomiasis - Refers to Nagara.

After Crop - A second crop from the same land in the same year. After cultivation. Harrowing, rolling and other cultivations carried out in a field after the crop has emerged.

Aftermath - Grass springs up again after the cutting of a crop of Hay, and can subsequently be taken as a second cut. Also known as eadish, eddish, rowen and lattermath.
Aft r Math - Refers to recovery gro h of forage plants after harvesting, either by animal or by machine.

After Ripening - The term used for a period through which some seeds have to pass after ripening, before they will germinate.

Agalactia - It is also known as suppression of milk. It has been bound to be neither as infectious nor as common in cattle as in sheep and goat. It usually takes place at calving time. It is caused by such predisposing causes such as indigestion, loss of apetite, mastities, inadequate or poor quality feed, plant poisoning, thirst, enforced driving, fear excitement or the removal of the young.

Agamospenny - Refers to the reproduction in which meiosis and fertilization get circumvented, so that the embryo (s) which develops in the seed has been usually indentical with its maternal parent in both chromosome number and genic content. It includes all types of apomictic reproduction in which embryos and seeds have been formed by asexual means.

Agar - A complex sulphated galactan which is used as a base for several solid and semi solid media used in microbiological studies. It is formed by certain species of red algae.

Agglomerated Feeds - 1. Refer to the compacted or extruded form of individual ingredients. 2. Also, refers to a mixture of nonprocessed and or individually processed ingredients or a combination of both.

Agglutination - The term used for a process in which cells or bacteria undergo cross linking with or gets attached to each other when the antigens on the surface of their cells undergo intersection with antibodies, which form bridges linking the antigen determinant sites of the different cells. Such reactions are used for identifying blood groups, bacteria etc.

Agistment - A contract arising when one person, the agister, takes livestock belonging to another person to graze on his land for reward.

Agmark - It is a sort for agricultural marketing, national insignia for quality and purity and applicable to agriculture and animal husbandry products, under the Agricultural Produce Act, 1937. Labels carrying the mark assigned to products conform to certain grade specifications and standards laid down.

Agricultural Chemistry - Refers to that branch of the science of chemistry which deals with the composition and transformation of the plants and animals on which the economy of the farmer depends.

Agricultural Economics - Branch of economics which deals with farm management and production.

Agricultural Engineering - (1) Deals with the application of knowledge, techniques and disciplines of various fields of engineering to the solution of problems which arise in the field of agriculture and rural living with the aim of reducing labour, improving agricultural productivity per worker, raising the standard of living of farmers and increasing the overall earnings per worker
(2) Deals with the study in the design, construction and use of agricultural implements and buildings, soil and water management, use of electricity and processing of agricultural products.

Agricultural Geology - A branch of applied geology which is concerned with the nature and properties of rocks and minerals of importance of soil formation.

Agricultural Marketing - Includes all the services or functions which are involved in bringing produce from a farmer to the final consumer.

Agricultural Science Service - A division of the agricultural development and advisory service providing specialist advice to farness on a range of scientific disciplines both directly and via field officers.

Agriculture - Science of cultivating soil so as to produce economic crops and demanding great knowledge and skill in its scientific, commercial and artistic aspects. Very broadly the term is applicable to include both pastorcil and arable farming, even though the trend is some what towards the latter.

Agrobiology - Phase of the study of agronomy which deals with the relation of yield to the quantity of an added or available fertilizer element.

Agroceric Acid - C26H4P3' Refers to a constituent of humus. Agroecology. Refers to the study of the relation of agricultural crops and environment.

Agrology - Refers to the study of applied phase of soil science and soil M m.

Agronomy - The branch of agriculture concerned with the theory and practice of field crop production and the scientific management of soil.

Agrosterol - C26H44O. It is a constituent of humus.

Agrostology - Deals with the study of grasses, their classification, Management and utilization.,

Air Blast Sprayer - Sprayer having a large fan to produce a high speed, high volume air flow to break spray particles into small droplets and to carry the spray to the plant.

Air Drainage - Refers to the flow of cold air downhill. Freeze sensitive crops are grown on hillsides so that on calm spring nights the cold air will drain down and away from the crop.

Air Dry - Soil losing its free moisture by evaporation or transpiration, and therefore having only hygroscopic moisture and chemically combined water.

Air Layering - It is a method (asexual) of plant propagation by layering wherein roots are formed on the aerial part of a plant after the stem gets injured or girdled or slit at an angle. This portion is then kept in a moist rooting medium. It is commonly used for propagating a number 0 f tropical and subtropical trees and shrubs.

Air Screen Cleaner - Basic seed processing machine in which basic cleaning of all seeds is done by air screen cleaner.

Air Space Ratio - Refers to the ratio of volume of water which can be drained from a saturated toil under the action of force of gravity to total volume of voids.

Air Void Ratio - Refers to the ratio of the volume of air space to the total volume of voids in a soil mass.

Aitionomic - The term used for the ability to develop parthenocarpic fruits only in response to some stimulus external to the ovary.

Albedo - Refers to the ratio of the amount of radiation reflected to the amount coming on a surface. The earth's mean albedo has been ready 35 per cent.

Albinism - Means the condition in which the normal pigment is not present, such as in the skin, hair and eyes. In plants also lack of normal chlorophyll causes albinism.

Albino - An animal with no skin pigment, white coated, pink eyed. Commonly due to a single recessive gene. (Dominant Gene)

Albumens - A group 0 f water soluble Proteins which occur in many of the tissues and body fluids of animals; e.g., egg albumen (egg
white); serum albumen (in blood), lactalbumen (in milk), etc. Also called albumins.

Albumins - See albumens.

Albuminoids - The simple proteins which are insoluble in all neutral solvents and in dilute acids and alkalies but are coagulated by heat. For example keratin, collagen etc.

Albuminous Seed - Seed having endospenn at the time of genninalion, which nourishes the growing seedling.

Aldrin - A persistent organochlorine insecticide, a derivative of chlorinated nupthalene, harmful to fish and under restricted use.

Applied as a dust, spray or seed dressing.

Aleurone Grains - Protein bodies which are present in certain oilseeds. They consist of ground substance having one or more of the crystalloids or protein crystals, calcium oxalate crystals, globoids believed to be phosphates with organic salts.

Aleurone Layer - Layer of aleurone grains which is presents in the periphery of most seeds.

Aleuroplast - A plastid storing protein, often in the form of grains. Alfalfa Gate. In irrigation, it refers to a light sheet metal slide gate in a section of pipe for the control of water from sublaterals into fields and ditches.

Alfalfa Meal - A feedingstuff comprising artificially dried and ground Lucerne, known in America as alfalfa.

Algae - Simple, flowerless, unicellular or multicellular photosynthetic . plants with unicellular organs of reproduction. They are aquatic plants, freshwater or marine, (e.g. seaweeds), or plants of damp situations, (e.g. damp walls, tree trunks, in soil, etc.) .

Algicides - Chemical agents which are used for killing the algae (selectively).

Alkali Flat - The term used for on alkaline, marshy area in an arid region in which one or more direct streams lead. It becomes a barren area of hard mud which gets covered with alkali when all the water is evaporated in the dry season, after heavy rainfall, it becomes a shallow muddy lake.

Alkaline Soil - Sweet Soil. Soil having a pH above 7.0 due to an excess of hydroxyl (OH-) ions, or having a high exchangeable sodium content, or both. Typical alkaline soils are those of the chalk and limestone hills, e.g., South Downs, Cotswolds and Craven Pennines. (Acid Soil, Neutral Soil).

Alkaloids - Heterogenous group of basic nitrogen having substances that are produced by plants and possess potent pharmacological activities. They have been classified according to the type of heterocyclic group present.

Allantois - A membranous sac like appendage for effecting oxygenation in the embryos of mammals, birds and reptiles.